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1、动名词定义：动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，它可以带宾语，也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。基本形式：由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）一、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1、 作主语1） 直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mou
2、ntains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。It was
3、hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。 3） 用于“There be
4、”结构中。 There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do 注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。4） 用于布告形式的省略结构中。 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here
5、) ). 禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。5） 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。Lao Lis going there wont be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。2、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, s
6、uggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？She suggested going t
7、o the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider + it（形式宾语） + no use/no good/useless + v
8、.ing（真正宾语）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, d
9、epend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。We are thinking of
10、 making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (i
11、n) +v.ing（2）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词
12、性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for
13、 walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。
14、其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Janes being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)Whats troubli
15、ng them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C；换成your calling也对）在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词The baby was m
