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1、名词专题知识要点名词的分类，数，格，用法和常用名词辨析高考重点名词辨析，不可数名词，双重所有格，名词作定语学生难点名词辨析，不可数名词要点一 名词的分类1 .专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如student,book名 普 可数名词词 通 C 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, police名词 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea U 抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 :work，h
2、appiness,news2 Group noun2.1 有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police, the youth(used as a plural noun: The youth of a place or country are the young people there. This is a formal use. .the youth of America.You can also talk about the youth of a particular period. .the youth of today.When youth has e
3、ither of these meanings, it is a plural noun. You use a plural form of a verb with it. Eg. The youth of the country are too often uncouth, unfit, and uncivilised. The youth of the Nineties are seeing splits and social divisions opening up before them.);2.2 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, equipment
4、, jewellery, clothing, luggage(baggage), traffic, mankind, poetry;2.3 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数强调集体中的成员们。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。family, class，group, team, army, government, party, board.3 Uncountable noun3.1 没有复数，不加a, an或数词。加the表特指，表泛指用零冠词。常考不可数名词：wealth,
5、 advice, equipment, progress, furniture, scenery, information, knowledge, traffic, baggage, news, weather, jewelry, poetry, fun, cloth, clothing,3.2 有些词既作可数又不可数，但意义不同：CUglassironpaperlightbeautyexperienceroomorangewoodyouthfishtimeMan, word3.3 一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词
6、表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者失败是成功之母。youth青春 a youth一个青年人have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事knowledge a
7、knowledge ofwealth a wealth of抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.He received a good education.Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.3.4 物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多、各式各样时，
8、可以用作可数名词。如：物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，waters水体，fruits各式水果。物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。have breakfast The road is covered with snow.have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow eve
9、ry year.Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.3.5 不可数名词量的表示：物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。名词前“许多”的不同Much, a little, a bit of, less, the least, a great deal of, a large/small amount of,U接动词单数形式Large amounts of 接动词复数形式。Many/a good many,
10、a few, fewer, several, a number of,复C接动词复数形式Many a单 C接动词单数形式。A lot of/ lots of, plenty of, some, any, enough, a large quantity of, a mass of /masses of , the rest of, most of,U接动词单数形式Large quantities of接动词复数形式。复C接动词复数形式要点二 名词的数4 可数名词的复数构成规则: （1）规则变化。单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy boys, pen pens。以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词
11、一般加-es。如：glass glasses,box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。特例：stomach stomaches。以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。Key?!以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes ,Negroes, dingoes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio radios, zoo zoos, photo
12、photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, tobacco tobaccos。以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves等。特例：handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof roofs, chief chiefs, gulf gulfs, belief beliefs, cliff cliffs。复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：arm
13、chair armchairs, bookcase bookcases, bookstore book-stores, boy-friend boy-friends, grown-up grown-ups。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor men doctors, woman driver women drivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law brothers-in-law, passer-by passers-by, editors-in-chief总编辑。有
14、的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero zeros 、zeroes, deer deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。（2）不规则变化。改变元音字母的。如：man men, mouse mice, foot feet,woman women, tooth teeth, goose geese。特例： ox oxen, child children。单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,Swiss 。有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服， trouse
