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1、 2022年12月英语四级长篇阅读匹配练习题(4)B.“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 100 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extre
2、mely strong,yet flexible and elasticIn the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon”C.Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau saidFor inst
3、ance，“since it is both transparent and electrically conductivetwo attributes rarely found in the same material in natureit has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitorsdisplays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area
4、 have already secured patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光电检测器)，radiation-resistant coatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active researchLau s
5、aidD.For many researchers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronicsBut getting there may take some timeA child of graphiteE.First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded toge
6、ther in a honeycomb lattice so thin its actually considered two-dimensional“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，its graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of ManchesterF.Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella
7、term“To oversimplify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，saidThe first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphiteThese have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks
8、or rubbers to make them conductive”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson addedThe other typein sheet or film formis where graphenes biggest promise liesGraphene sheets have“incredible potential for electronics，”Patterson saidIn the near term，that potential ma
9、y manifest in situations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesnt have to be as high，such as in basic touch-screen applications，he saidProducts that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 monthsG.Looking a little furt
10、her out，graphene can be employed in membranes used for water desalinationLockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene“Its real and it works，but it wont be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rath
11、er than dollars or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained“Thats where were working today”Its expensive and low-capacityH. But use of graphene in semiconductorsthe technologys Holy Grailis likely a decade away“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick 陶威指出，由于缺少晶体管必备的“带隙”，使得制造石墨烯晶体管更加困难。
