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1、 英语四级阅读真题举例词汇的理解对于阅读中遇到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些状况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解；其次是转变对生僻词义熟悉上的态度，即在很多状况下不必了解该词确实切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的也许而笼统的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一也许了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义：(1) 构词学问即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识记单词。词根是一个单词的根本局部，代表词的根本意义；前缀是加在词根或单词前面的局部，通常也有肯定含义；后缀是加在词根或单词后面的局部，通常在增加词义的同时还转变词性。通过词根词缀构
2、词的方式有多种，现简洁归纳如下：前缀+词根：inter(中间)+veneintervene(介入)词根+后缀：circl(圆)+let(小)circlet(小环)词根+词根：tele(远)+scope(镜)telescope(望远镜)前缀+词根+后缀：in(不)+aud(听)+ible(可)inaudible(听不见)双前缀+词根：re(再)+dis(取下)+cover(盖)rediscover(再发觉)词根+双后缀：care(专心)+less(不)+ly(地)carelessly(不当心地)前缀+双词根：tri(三)+gono(角)+metry(测量)trigonometry(三角几何)双词
3、根+后缀：biblio(书)+phil(爱)+ist(人)bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)双前缀+词根+后缀：ir(不)+re(反对)+sist(站)+ibleirresistible(不行反抗的)前缀+词根+双后缀：se(离)+greg(群)+ation+istsegregationist(种族隔离主义者)双前缀+词根+双后缀：un(不)+pre(先)+ced(走)+ent+edunprecedented(史无前例的)(2) 上下文线索利用上下文线索猜想词义的方法许多，但其核心是查找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种：同义定义为了便于读者理解本义，有时会对文
4、中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，常使用一些信号词，如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例：Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.或标点符号，如，()等，例：Multiplexing transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channelincreases the efficiency of rad
5、io channels.有时，用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例：Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, “hollowgutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brainthe types we find among the vertebrates，or backboned a
6、nimals.近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中猎取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例：Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.Although he often had the opportunity，Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did
7、not want to jeopardize his future.反义对比在表示对比的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮忙我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while， yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。例：Chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated
8、items.Most dentists-offices are drab places，while Emilios new office is a bright，cheerful place.搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所消失的语境，我们也能推知词义的也许轮廓。例：People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套，壳) of the radiator.A man is watering his lawn just as an attractive，well
9、dressed girl walked by. As he ogles her，he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly，dowdy wife.比拟举例上下文中的比拟和举例，能提醒比拟物或列举物之间的共性，我们可依据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例：The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.Doctors believe that smoki
10、ng cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.因果时间因与果、时间的先与后都是事物进展变化过程中的必定关系，在利用上下文推想词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例：Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.When Mark was in pedantic mood，he assumed the manne
11、r of a famous professor and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.常识包括我们的生活经受、阅历常识以及自己专业方面的学问，在阅读到与自己专业相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对简单，这正是我们的专业学问在帮我们理解。例：An apple falls down instead of up because of gravity.An atomic clock is so precise that it can be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einsteins relativity theories.
