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1、 MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语十六A particular game between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial Private goods 私人物品 Goods that are both excludable and rival Private saving 私人储蓄 The income that households have left after paying for tax
2、es and consumption Producer price index 生产物价指数 A measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firms Producer surplus 生产者剩余 The amount a seller is paid for a good minus the sellers cost Production function 生产函数 The relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the
3、 quantity of output of that good Production possibilities frontier 生产可能性边界 A graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology Productivity 生产率 The amount of goods and services p
4、roduced from each hour of a workers time; The quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time Profit 利润 Total revenue minus total cost Progressive tax 累进税 A tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a larger fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayers Proportional ta
5、x 比例税 A tax for which high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of income Public goods 公共物品 Goods that are neither excludable nor rival Public saving 公共储蓄 The tax revenue that the government has left after paying for its spending Pareto-efficient allocations 帕雷托有效配置 resource allocat
6、ions, that cannot make a person better off without making someone else worse off partial equilibrium analysis 局部均衡分析 an analysis that focuses on only one or a few markets at a time partnership 合伙制 a business owned by two or more individuals, who share the profits and are jointly liable for any losse
7、s patent 专利 a government decree giving an inventor the exclusive right to produce, use, or sell an invention paternalism 父爱主义 the making of judgments by government about what is good for people to have, rather than letting people choose on their own payroll tax 工薪税 a tax based on payroll (wages) tha
8、t is used to finance the Social Security and Medicare programs perfect competition 完全竞争 situation in which each firm is a price taker-it cannot influence the market price; at the market price the firm can sell as much as it wishes, but if it raises its price, it loses all sales perfectly mobile capi
9、ta 具有完全流淌性的资本 capital that responds quickly to changes in returns in different countries permanent-income hypothesis 永久收入假说 the theory that individuals base their current consumption levels on their permanent (long-run average) income permanent-income savings motive 永久收入储蓄动机 people save in good years, to tide them over in bad years; they choose their pattern of savings and spending year by year to average or smooth their consumption over good years and bad
