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1、四级语法 2011英语四级考试基础语法-谓语动词 一：时态：所谓的时态，就是时间+状态。 谓语动词的时态见下表： 1主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have don. 全文来自:新东方在线一：时态：所谓的时态，就是时间+状态。 谓语动词的时态见下表：1主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般diddowill/shall doshould/wo
2、uld do进行was/were doingam/is/are doingwill/shall be doing/完成had donehave/has donewill/shall have doneshould/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doinghave/has been doing/过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were givenam/is/are givenwill/shall be givenshould/would be given进行was/were being givenam/is/are being given/完成had bee
3、n givenhave/has been givenwill/shall have been givenshould/would have been given完成进行/CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时 所有的过去用一般现在时表示 现在和将来现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成四级语法 2011英语四级考试基础语法-非谓语动词 一非谓语动词 一不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式
4、: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 完成形式：He preten. 全文来自:新东方在线一非谓语动词一不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生完成形式：He pretended not to have seen m
5、e.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语-将要发生2）不定式做状语-目的3）不定式充当名词功能-To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the
6、garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesnt have to be ma
7、de to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe amb
8、itious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicat
9、ed to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。He needs (a lot of) encouraging.四级语法 2011英语四级考试基础语法-动词语态 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,
10、常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume. 全文来自:新东方在线可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed tha
11、t the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变
12、为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词V
13、i + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep (有被动语态)Shes looking after her sisters children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up thei
14、r children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.四级语法 2011英语四级考试基础语法-动词时态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. Ive been writing letters for an
15、 hour. Ive been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的. 全文来自:新东方在线1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.Ive been writing letters for an hour.Ive been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作Id been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will h
