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1、定语从句（关系代词）一、 基本概念1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。2. 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在该词的后面。3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。分别是who, whom, whose, that, which, as和when, where, why。4. 关系词有3个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。5. 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句
2、与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，可以省去，如省去意思仍完整。请标出下列句子中的先行词，关系词和定语从句。1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?2. They rushed to help the man whose car had broken down.3. Please pass me the book whose color is green. 4. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.5. The boys who are playing footb
3、all are from Class One.请指出下列从句中错误的地方。1. There are many places you can visit them in China. 2. The book you borrow it from me is Toms. 3. I, who is your friend, will share everything with you. 4. The house is built on soft land is easy to fall down. 5. This is the boy his father died three years ago.
4、 二、 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which关系代词先行词在从句中做的成分that指 或 语或 语which指 语或 语who指 语或 语whom指 语whose指 或 语例句1. I dont know the man that you mentioned.2. A plane is a machine that can fly.1. The pen which my uncle gave me is expensive.2. Children like books which have good pictures.1. The boy who is stand
5、ing thee is my cousin.2. He is the man who I talked to.The man whom you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.1. Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer?2. He lives in a house whose windows face south.请用适当的关系代词填空。1. We need comrades _can help us.2. The man you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.3.
6、 This is a story about a communist fighter _ _name is Liu Hulan.4. Here is a book _will give a lot of useful knowledge.5. This is the song _ _we like best.6. They talked of the things and persons _they remembered in the school.7. There are stars _ _we still dont know in space.8. The two pupils _ _yo
7、u taught three yeas ago have become teachers.9. Yesterday I met doctor Wang _told me the news of his sons passing the exam.10. This is a man _son died in the war of Resistance against Japan.请将下列句子合并成一个定语从句。1. The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song. 2. The man is rich. He is working in the
8、 factory. 3. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river. 4. The student is very young. He won the game. 5. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen._ 6. How is the man? You saw him yesterday. 7.The pen is very old. I lent it to you this morning. 8. The house was bu
9、ilt last year. Its windows face south. 9. The girl works very hard. He father is the doctor. 10. This is the lion. Its been ill recently. 三、 关系代词as1. as引导的限制性定语从句 当先行词有 修饰时，要用as代替who(m), which ,that。2. as引导的非限制性定语从句 as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的一样，都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，as引导的可以放在主句 ，而which 引导的只能放在主句 ，非限定性定语从
10、句是否定结构，只能用 引导， 引导的从句有“正如、正像”之意。 完成下列句子。1. Id like to have in your school.（和在你学校使用的一样的书）2. He is not I expected. （这样一个人）3. He will marry as he can find. （漂亮的女孩）比较下列两组句子1. He is such a kind teacher we all like. (定语从句) He is such a kind teacher we all like him. (状语从句)2. This is the same book as I lent
11、you yesterday. ( 本书) This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. ( 本书)用关系代词which/as填空：1. Our team lost the game, was reported in the newspaper.2. She was terrified, _I could see from her eyes.3. _ _anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.4. _ we all know, paper was first made in China.5.
12、He failed in the experiment, _was unexpected.四、 其他用法指物时，that和which一般情况下可以换用，但以下几种情况一般用that1. 先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词时，但当先行词是anyone, those, he, she 等代词表人时，一般用who2. 先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little 等修饰时；3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰4. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时5. 先行词既有人也有物时6. 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句时7. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时8. 当先行词是数词时巩固练习一、改
