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1、第五部分 名词性从句一、知识点拨（一）宾语从句（Object Clause）问题一：与“说”相关的动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？同学们在初中阶段时就开始接触宾语从句了。当将一个直接引语转为间接引语时，就是在构造一个与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句了。在直接引语向间接引语转化的过程中，应就不同的句型类别进行不同的处理。而不同的句型类别都应根据转述者和转述时间对宾语从句中的人称、时态及状语作相应的调整。1：陈述句：不需调整语序，只要对人称，时态或状语作一定的变化即可。通常，若主句中的动词为过去时，则从句中的时态也要相应后退一格。但如从句部分是客观真理，时态则无须变化。如： She said, I wi
2、ll visit Shanghai Museum tomorrow. - She said (that) she would visit Shanghai Museum the next day.The physics teacher said, Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade. - The teacher said (that) water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade.2：疑问句：可分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两类。（1）一般疑问句：转为if或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句，且调整为陈述句语序，即
3、丰谓宾的顺序。有时可用或whetheror not的结构。如：I asked whether (or not) they had got the news.（2）特殊疑问句：保留原有的疑问词，且调整为陈述句语序。但当疑问词即是句子中的主语，则无需变换语序。如： He asked, Where can I meet them? - He asked where he could meet them. He asked, What is the matter? - He asked what was the matter.3：祈使句：可不再转为宾语从句，而是用“命令性动词 + 人称代词（宾格）名词
4、 + 不定式”的结构来表达相近的意思。如：The librarian said, Dont make so much noise, please. - The librarian asked / told / requested the readers not to make so much noise.4：感叹句：可保留感叹词，也可转化为“陈述句 + 修饰词”的结构。如：He said, What an excellent impression you have made on the customer! - He said what an excellent impression I ha
5、d made on the customer.或He said with admiration (that) I had made an excellent impression on the customer.5：特殊结构：可根据句子的意思作灵活的变通。如： He said to me, Merry Christmas! - He wished me a merry Christmas. Lets light a fire and cook our meat over it, said the children. - The children suggested lighting a fir
6、e and cooking the meat over it.问题二：其它动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？掌握了与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句的构成，其它动词后的宾语从句也就不难理解了。须注意两类动词：1：表示说话者认知的动词：know, believe, think, explain, guess, hope, agree, understand, realize, suppose, expect等动词后既可以跟that引导的陈述分句作宾语，that常被省略；又可以跟疑问分句。如： They have explained (that) they need more time. I dont kn
7、ow who you met at the party.值得注意的是：（1）有些表示猜想的动词后从句中的否定式通常前移至主句中。如：I dont think he is the right person for the job.（2）反意疑问句通常是对复合句中的主句发问，但若主句为I think/believe/suppose时，则对从句发问。如：He thinks vegetables are good for our health, doesnt he?I think vegetables are good for our health, arent they?（3）回答对think, b
8、elieve, guess, hope等词提问的一般疑问句时，可用缩略式，即肯定同答用so；否定回答用not或dont . so。其中hope的否定回答只能用not。如：Do you think / hope / guess / believe it will rain tomorrow?Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe so.= Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe (that) it will rain tomorrow.No, I dont think / believe / suppose so.= No,
9、 I dont think / believe / suppose (that) it will rain tomorrow.No, I hope / believe / guess not.= No, I hope / believe / guess (that) it will not rain tomorrow.（4）wonder（想知道），doubt（怀疑）等动词本身带有不确定性，故后面多跟疑问分句，注意，doubt在肯定句中，后接if或whether引导的宾语从句；在否定句和疑问句中后接that引导的宾语从句。如： I wonder whose watch it is. I doub
10、t if / whether he will come tomorrow.I dont doubt (that) he will come tomorrow.2：表达说话者强烈意愿的动词：其后所跟的宾语从句须用虚拟语气。（1）suggest, advise, order, demand, insist等动词后用“(that)should do”的结构，此时should可被省去。如： Connie suggested my hair (should) be short enough to keep tidy. He demands that he (should) be told everyth
11、ing.（2）动词wish后的宾语从句多为不可能实现的愿望，故常将时态后退一格以示虚拟。如： I wish I could fly. I didnt do well in the final exam. I wish I had gone over my lessons thoroughly. The crop doesnt promise a good harvest, but they still wish they would have a good one.3：双宾语与复合宾语中的宾语从句（1）有些动词后带有宾语从句作为其直接宾语，同时带有一个人称代词或名词作为其间接宾语。如： She
12、 told me where the post office was. He reminded us that everything in the laboratory should be handled carefully. The company explained to their employees that a pay rise was out of the question.（2）在.含有复合宾语“动词 + 宾语从句 + 宾语补足语”结构中，往往因为宾语从句过长而将其放到句末，同时用it来充当形式宾语。如： They made it a rule that there was a
13、quiz every week. I find it strange that he should have said that. We think it certain that hell fulfil the task on time. We regard it as true that he has defended the championship.问题三：介词后的宾语从句如何构成？1：that引导的宾语从句一般不能直接跟在介词后但须注意的是：（1）介词except, but, in后面可跟that引导的宾语从句。如： He cares nothing about the factor
14、y except that it will bring him great profits. He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time. Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.（2）在有些含有介词的短语后可加上形式宾语it，再跟that引导的宾语从句，形成depend on it that, rely on it that, insist on it that, see to it that等结构。如： You may depen
15、d on it that they are valuable. Ill see to it that all the lights are switched off before I leave.2：wh-词引导的宾语从句可以充当介词的宾语。如： I have no idea of what it means. It all depends on whether they agree or not. We walked over to where they were sitting. Thinking had moved toward the question of how we might change the weather at will.问题四：形容词后的宾语从句如何构成？形容词后的名词性从句也被称作形容词补足语，多用于certain, sure, unaware, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset等表示认知或情感的形容词后。如：I am afraid (that) there is no
