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1、虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中一、在宾语从句中1当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如：I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight我建议我们今晚开个会。We advise that steps(should)be taken at once我们建议要立刻采取措施。They insi
2、sted that he(should)begin the work at once他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。He ordered that aU(should)take part in the work他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。另外，当主句动词为“ask，move，urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时，其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如：He asked that he be given an opportunity to try他要求给他一个尝试的机会。I move that the money be used for books 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。They ur
3、ged that we take action on this matter immediately他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。2当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿”，“要是该多好叼”之意时，其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were，但有时也可用was)。例如：I wish 1 wereWas as strong as you我要是像你一样强壮就好了。I wish l remembered his address我要是记住他的地址就好了。有时；为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作，从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如：I w
4、ish it wasnt raining要是天不下雨就好了。动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如：We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如：I wish he would try again我希望他再试一下。We wish he could come我们希望他能来。3在prefer之后的宾语从
5、句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。4在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如：Id rather you went home now我宁愿让你现在就回家。Dont come tomorrowId rather you came nextweekend明天别来，我宁愿你
6、下个周末来。一Shall l open a window?我开窗行吗？ 一Id rather you didnt你最好别开。用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。例如：Id rather you hadnt done that我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。二、在主语从句中1在句型“h iswas+过去分词+that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：h is desi
7、red that everyone(should)get erything ready bY toniShL要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。2在句型“h isWas+形容词+that从句”中，当形容词为“important,necessary，strange，natural等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：It is important and necessary that we
8、 should master a foreign language掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。It is strange that he (should) refuse your help他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。3在句型“h iswas+名词+that从句” 中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。三、在同位语从句或表语从句中在名词“suggestion,propo
9、sal,idea,plan，order,advice等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)His suggestion that the meeting(shoald)be held in this room has been accepted他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句)My idea is that we(should)get more people to
10、 attend the conference我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)四、在定语从句中在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。例如：h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home我们该回家了。五、在状语从句中1在假设条件句的if条件从句中假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结
11、构：与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were谓语动词的过去式”。例如：If 1 were you，I shouldnt do that如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。We would go with you if we had time如果我们有时间的话，就和你一道去了。We could ask him if he were here如果他在这儿，我们就可以问他了。与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it如果昨天他见到你，他就会问
12、你那件事了。If you had come earlier，you would have met him如果你早点儿来，就会遇到他了。1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式were to+动词原形should+动词原形”。例如：If he came tomorrow,he would find me in the schoo1如果他明天来的话，会在学校找到我。If it should rain，the crop
13、s would be saved如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had时，可省去if而将“were，should，had置于句首，构成倒装句。例如：Were l in your position，1 would go如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。Had you arrived five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off如果你早到五分钟，你就可以给他们送行了。Shoul
14、d he come，tell him to ring me up如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。2在目的状语从句中在由lest和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如：He ran away lest he(should)be seen他跑走了，以免被人看到。She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her她解释了一遍又一遍，以免他误解她。in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。例如：Ta
15、ke warm clothes in case the weather is cold带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。在由“so that”和“in order that”引导的目的从句中，要用“cancouldmaymightwould+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。例如：She stayed at home for a few days so thatshe mightcould take care of her sick mother 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。在由“for fear that”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用maymightwould)。例如：He worked hard for fear that he shou
