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1、.一、时态讲解：现在完成时（ 1 ）构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成， 助动词 have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has ，其余用 have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (haven t) studied .Have I studiedYou have not (haven t) studied .Hav e you studied?He has not (hasn t) studied .Has he studied否定疑问式简单回答
2、（肯定/ 否定）Have I not (Haven t I) studied ?Yes, you have. No, you havHave you not (Haven t you) studied ?Yes, I have. No, I havenHas he not (Hasn t he) studied ?Yes, he has. No, hehasn（ 2 ）用法：1 ） 现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I m sure we ve met
3、before.我肯定我们以前见过面。专业资料.She has arrived.她到了。2 ）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for, sinceyet ,等。如：I haven t heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven t seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday
4、. 注意：a) since 和 for 的区别since 后接时间点，如1993， last term, yes terday, the time I got therefor 后接一段时间，表示“ 长达多久” ，如 ten years, a while, two days等。Ex ercise :用 since和 for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in h
5、er office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since2. for3. for4.
6、since5. since6. for7. for8. since专业资料.2 ）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks.The old man has died for 4 months.They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for
7、 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2 ） have(has)been和 have(has)gone的区别：表示“ 曾到过某地” 要用 “ have(has) been”;表示 “ 已经去某地” 要用 “ have (has) gone。”试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada .他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada .他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已
8、经到加拿大）.3 ）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in 1976,twodays ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often,before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come.她已经来了。I haven t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before.我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has alwa
9、ys been a good student.马红一直是个好学生。专业资料.I have often seen him in the street.我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yan他们an从.未去过。I havent seen him lately.我近来没看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboug
10、htboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeaten专业资料.fallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsa
11、ysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsold专业资料.sendsentsentsingsangsungsinks ank/ sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3.
12、 My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teacher s office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework.9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day.10._ y
