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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第七讲 虚拟语气 在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：A) 直陈语气(The Indicative Mood) 直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。B) 祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。Lets jus
2、t take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？C) 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)定义：虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气：一与现在事实相违背构成：从句:If + 主语+ were/did/were doing 主句:主语+ should/would/mig
3、ht/could +do If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. (事实是：我没有时间)我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.(事实是：我并不是你)我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。If I were you, Id take them away.如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一点钱，
4、我就买一套更大一些房子。二与过去事实相违背构成：从句:If + 主语+ had done主句:主语+ should/would/might/could +have doneIf I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.(事实是：他没有听我的建议)要是他听进了我的劝告
5、就不会犯这么严重的错误了。If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。三与未来事实相违背构成：从句:If + 主语+ were/did/were to do 或者 should +do主句:主语+ should/would/might/could +do If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. (假设的情况不大可能发生)要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。Even if they were to fail, they w
6、ouldnt lose courage. (说话人不希望假设的情况发生)即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。四错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中，我们在条件句和主句中所用的虚拟语气句式是相对程式化的。If the boy hadnt been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now .如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。If the machine were in good
7、conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。 熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式：1. 省略If的几种情况1)当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should
8、、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：If you were the manager here, what would you do?Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。2)由某些介词短语取代了if引导的
9、条件状语从句。例如：Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。3)由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句。在这种情况下，上下文事实上就是一个表示违背事实的条件句。上下文如果是由一个句子介绍的，那么
10、这个取代了if条件状语从句的句子应该用直陈语气；而起主句作用的句子则要用虚拟语气。例如：He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .(本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话)他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. (本句中的上下文是：But that y
11、ou helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我)要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。2. 虚拟语气用于某些从句中的情况：1)在主语从句中在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中，由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式should + 动词原形或是动词原形。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有： important(重要的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity(遗憾), no won
12、der(难怪), a regret(遗憾)XXX例如：It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。It is necessary that he be sent to Beijing right away. 有必要立即派他去北京。另外，下列结构中主语从句的谓语动词也要求用虚拟
13、语气： It is ordered that ?根据命令、要求厖) , It is proposed that ?人们建议厖) It is desired that ?(最好、需要厖) , It is requested that ?(人们要求厖)It is suggested that ?(有人建议厖) , It is recommended that ?有人推荐厖)It is demanded that ?根据要求厖) , It is decided that ?已经决定厖)It is arranged that ?(已经安排厖) 等等。例如：It is ordered that all
14、the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。2)在宾语从句中某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式should + 动词原形或是动词原形。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词，常见的有：command
15、(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议)等。例如：He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan.他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。They requested that we ( should ) send a delegation to their country. 他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway .我建议他马上动身去我们的总部。He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。另外，wish和would rather / sooner that XXX后面的宾语从句，其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下所述：谓语动词的形式用法 过去式-表示当时未能实现的愿望、意
