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1、Homework for English LexicologyChapter 11. Which of the following is NOT true?A. A word is the smallest form of a languageB. A word is a sound unity.C. A word has a given meaning.D. A word can be used freely in a sentence.2. The differences between sound and form are due toA. the fact of more phonem
2、es than letters in English.B. stabilization of spelling by printingC. influence of the work of scribes.D. innovations made by linguists.3. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important isA. all national character B. productivityC. polysemy D. collocability4. Compare
3、 the following statements by supplying an appropriate term for each blank.A. borrowed words which still sound foreign and looked foreign are _.B. There is no _ relationship between sound and _ as the connection between them is _ and conventional.C. _ are borrowings that have become naturalized or as
4、similated in English.D. Archaisms are words no longer in _ use or _ in use.E. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are_. _words enjoy a _ frequency in use than content words.F. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _.Chapter 2I. Fill in the bla
5、nks according to the text.The language used between 450 and _is called_, which has a vocabulary of _. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to _, followed by the _ period, subdivided as early modern English _( ) and late (1700-up to now.)II. Decide whether the statements are true or
6、 false.1. English is more closely related to German than French.2. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.3. Old English was a highly inflected language.4. In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side.5. The introduction of printin
7、g into England marked the beginning of modern English period.6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.7. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.8. In modern times, borrowing brings less than ten percent
8、 of modern English vocabulary.9. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages.10. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words
9、by means of word formation.Chapter 3I. Write out the opposites of the following with in-(il, ir, etc), non-, and un-. 1. mature 2. regular 3. considerate 4. noble 5. legitimate 6. passive 7. endurable 8. accuracy 9. inductive 10. legible 11. reasonable 12. balance13. legalize 14. metal 15. varianceI
10、I. Fill in the following tableNationAdjectivePeople (singular)People (plural)AmericaAustraliaBelgiumCanadaGermanyGreeceIndiaItalyMexicoNorwayPakistanChinaPortugalVietnamDenmarkFinlandIcelandNew ZealandPolandSwedenTurkeyBritainFranceSpain Chapter 4I. Fill in the blanks according to the text. In moder
11、n times, the expansion of _ is mainly through word-formation. The major means of word-formation are _, _ and _. It is estimated that affixation supplies modern English with _percent of its new vocabulary, _gives 28 to 30 percent and 26 percent of new words come from _. Shortening, such as clipping,
12、_etc. also plays an important role in the development of vocabulary, resulting in amount up to eight to _ percent.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. Compounding are words formed by combining affixes and stems. 2. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements for
13、ming each word are written separately.3. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.4. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems.5. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure can not be changed.6. Conversion refers to the u
14、se of words of one class as that of a different class.7. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs. 8. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.9. Such words as the poorer, the departed, a republican are all examples of partial conversion.10. An alternative for conversion is functional shift. Chapter 5 Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. Motivation explains why a p
