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1、专题十一状语从句 状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 常见的连词(组)： when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly .when, scarcely .when, no sooner .than等。 可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语： directly, instantly, immediately, by t
2、he time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。 注意点如下： (1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作
3、同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) 在我做饭时，她走了过来。 When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) 当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。 While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 他们在看电视，而
4、我在为即将到来的考试做准备。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁”)(2) before引导状语从句时的常见重点句型It will (not) be .before . 还要才，要不了多久就It was (not) .before . 过了才(没多久就)It was a long time before I got to sleep. 过了好长时间我才睡着了。It wasnt long before he told me about the news. 没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。 不等就； 在之前就Th
5、e telephone rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。 刚就He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.他刚进屋电话铃就响了。 先再You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision. 做决定之前你还有几天时间考虑。 (3)since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时）时，则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词
6、的现在完成时态，则从句意思是肯定的。 He has never been to see me since I was ill. 我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不再生病了） He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我病了，他一直未来看我。 I havent heard from him since he lived here. 自他从这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了） (4) till, until 如果till与until用在肯定句中时，则主句中谓语动词部分所表示的动作或状态一直延续到某时或某个动作发生时才结束。注意它的倒
7、装句和强调句。 I didnt recognize she was my classmate until she took off her dark glasses. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognise she was my classmate =It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised she was my classmate. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是我的同学。 2. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as,
8、 because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于)。注意以下几点： (1) because, since, as, for, now that because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。 since 引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。 as 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。 for虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表示原
9、因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表示推测的理由。 now that意为“既然，由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。 He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。 Since everyone has come, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，我们开会吧。 As all the seats were full, he stood there. 所有的座位都满了,他只好站那儿。 It might have rained last night for th
10、e ground is wet. 昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的。 Now that the kids have left home we have a lot of extra space. 由于孩子们离开了家，所以我们有了额外的空间。3. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常由下列连词引导：where, wherever等。You may find him where his brother lives.你可能会在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywhere he went, he got warm
11、welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.这个女孩无论去哪都带着她的布娃娃。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 4. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由下列连词引导：so .that，such .that，so that等。要注意以下几个问题: (1) 五种结构： so+adj./adv.+that . such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that . so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+
12、n.+that . so many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that . such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ that He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. 他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。 It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming. 今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。 (2) so或such置于句首时，主句常用倒装。 It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that w
13、e all went swimming.Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming. 今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。 (3)注意以上结构与定语从句so/such .as的区别。 This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it. 这是一部很有趣的电影以至于每个人都想去看。 5. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注：
14、so that也可用来引导结果状语从句） so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。 so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。 in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。 We set out early so that we could see the sunrise. 我们很早出发以便能看到日出。 He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time. 他空邮这封信以便他们能及时收到。 6. 条件状语从句 条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing (that), provided (that), given (that), in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。 (1) unless=if not You will fail unless you study hard. 除非你努力，否则你就要失败。 (2) suppose, suppos
