《新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson26.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson26.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson26First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后答复以下问题。What is the main condition for the preservation of the remains of any living creature?It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary
2、 conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved.But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatu
3、res that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants a
4、nd animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying bout, not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, it is very rarely that o
5、ne comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice
6、crevasse, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees - the last meal that he had before he fell into
7、the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now just a suburb of Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in the tar. And then, wh
8、en they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery【New words and expressions 生词和短语】preservation n. 保
9、存silt n. 淤泥scavenger n. 食腐动物vole n. 野鼠，鼹鼠decompose v. 腐烂inaccessible adj. 不能到达的crevasse n. 缝隙Siberian adj.西伯利亚的palaeontological adj. 古生物学的St. Petersburg n. 圣彼得堡sabre-toothed adj. 长着锋利的长牙venture v. 冒险bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的，陷入要逆境的【课文解释】1. 第1段中有两个由it is .引导的强调句。一个是It is animals and plants which lived in or
10、near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, 被强调的局部animals and plants which lived in or near water。另一个强调句是it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, . that bodies and the like can be ., 这一句中强调的是地点状语。2.preserve v. 爱护, 保存, 保持例句：It is highly important to preserve the environme
11、nt.爱护自然环境至关重要。【错句举例与错句分析】错句: His life and loves have been preserved at Shaw”s Corner.订正: The record of his life and loves has been preserved at Shaw”s Corner.翻译: 他的生活与感情记录都保存在“萧氏角落”里。分析: 这里的错误是把“生活”与“生活的记录”混淆在了一起，意思表达不明确。【词义辨析】keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve, withhold, maintain, save , sto
12、re这些动词均有“保持，保存”之意。keep: 最常用词，指长时间坚固地保持或保存。retain: 指连续保持。reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保存。preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力气等。withhold: 指扣住不放，示意有阻碍。maintain: 指保持原样，不增不减save: 一般用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加。store: 一般用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。3.set in 到来，开头例句：The moist season has set in.雨季已降临。The ro
13、t set in when we lost that important customer in Japan.我们失去了日本的那家重要客户后，状况越来越糟了。4.whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive这是让步状语从句，用的是虚拟语气形式。e across遇到, 遇到例句：I, came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.今日早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。被理解例句：He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not
14、really come across.他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。无意中发觉例句：I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.我在伦敦一家旧书店里发觉了这本书。【同义词】encounter n.意外的相见, 邂逅,.happen upon 偶然遇到(偶然发觉)chance on 偶然遇到(不期而遇)6.decompose vt. 腐烂例句：Most animals decompose very quickly after death.大多数动物死后很快腐烂。Bacteria can decompose organic
15、 matter.细菌能使有机物腐烂。7.inaccessible adj. 难接近的, 难到达的, 难达成的例句：His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible to his students.他的时间排得很满，学生根本无法和他接触。inaccessibility n. 难接近, 难到达, 难达成【反义词】accessible adj.可得到的, 易接近的.8.apparently adv.外表上例句：Beneath that apparently calm surface is a man of fierce temper.文雅的外表掩盖着的是一个火暴脾气的人。好像, 明显例句：Apparently they”re intending to put up the price of water.看来他们要提高水费了。
