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1、Unit One Friendship一、 语音及拼读规则：音节如果你想记忆英语单词不成为难题；如果你想做到看词能读，听词能写，从现在开始掌握语音和拼读规则的规律，你会有意外的惊喜。音节是词的构成单位。就语音形式而言，一个音节通常由一个元音音素加上一个或几个辅音音素构成；就书写形式而言，一个音节一般由一个元音字母或元音字母组合加上一个或几个辅音字母构成。单独一个元音或元音字母也可以构成一个音节。例如：I,you,a,等。在一个词中，有几个元音音素（不是元音字母），就有几个音节。上列例词都是只有一个元音音素的单音节词。有两个元音音素的叫双音节词，有三个或三个以上元音音素的叫多音节词。例如：双音节
2、词：worker,teacher,our多音节词：family,afternoon,university在将一个词划分为音节时，应根据其语音形式，而不能单纯根据其书写形式。以teach和nice为例，从书写形式上来看，teach中有两个元音字母，但这两个元音字母ea组合在一起发一个音。因此，teach只能算一个音节。nice中也有两个元音字母，但词尾的e不发音，因此也是单音节词。our虽只有三个字母，但读音是由两个音素组成的，故是双音节词。此外，有几个发音很响亮的辅音，如lmn，在后面没有元音的情况下也可以和它前面的辅音构成一个音节，故可称“成节辅音”。例如：table,Marxism,sev
3、en划分音节的一般规则遵循“一归后，两分手”的规律。即：（1）在两个发音的元音字母之间，若只有一个辅音字母（r除外），这个字母一般划归后面一个音节。例如：pa/per,la/ter（2）在两个发音的元音字母之间，若有两个辅音字母（r除外），则分别划归前后两个音节。例如：sum/mer,win/ter（3）辅音字母组合th,ch,sh,ph等，以及辅音连缀pr,gr,tr,dr等，不能分开，一般划归后面的音节。例如：mo/ther,tea/cher,a/pril,a/gree（4）由两个或两个以上的词组成的合成词，一般按原词分音节。例如：work/shop,birth/day二、单元重点单词1a
4、dd v.(1)to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.增加，添加。e.g. Please add something to what Ive said, John.约翰，请对我说的话做点补充吧。(2)to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total. 相加e.g.Add up these figures for me, please.请帮我把这些数字加起来。（add up）注意add to someth
5、ing: to increase 增加e.g.What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。（add to）add up to: to amount to 加起来等于；总计（达）e.g.The cost added up to 100 million yuan.费用总计达一亿元。2cheat v. & n.（1）to act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗；作弊e.g.Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classro
6、om.任何被发现作弊的学生将被赶出教室。（2）to take from someone in a dishonest way骗；骗取e.g.They cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a document she didnt understand.他们让那老妇人在她不懂的文件上签字，骗了她的钱。（3）n. 作弊行为(the act of cheating)骗子（one who cheats）3lonelyadj. 孤独的，寂寞的（unhappy because of being alone or without
7、friends）e.g.He has been very lonely since his wife left him.妻子走后，他十分孤独。比较lonely/alonelonely指的是心灵上的孤单和寂寞，alone指的是独自一人。e.g.Although I am alone, I dont feel lonely.虽然我独自一人，但我并不感到寂寞。4point n. 点，尖端；分数（sharp or tapered end of sth.; tip）e.g.the point of a pin, knife, pencil, etcTwo point six.5ignorevt.忽视，不
8、理睬 (take no notice of sb./sth.)e.g.Youve been ignoring me.你一直不把我放在眼里。I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可她根本不理睬。6communicatevt. & vi.（1）使某事物被人知晓；传送某事物（make sth. known; convey sth.）e.g.This poem communicates the authors despair.这首诗流露出作者的绝望心情。（2）联系，沟通；交流（connect）e.g.You should t
9、ry to communicate with others.你应该尝试和别人进行交流。（communicate with）7reason n. 原因，动机，理由（cause of, motive for or justification for sth.）e.g.Can you tell me the reason why you are so late again?你能告诉我你再次迟到的理由吗？注解reason做先行词时后面的引导词只能用why。8share vt. & n. 分享；均分；分担；一份；份额e.g.He would share his last pound with me.Th
10、ere is only one bedroom, so well have to share.Your share of the cost is $10.Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits.9situation n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置e.g.He found himself in an embarrassing situation.The company is in a poor financial situation.注意当situation作为先行词用在定语从句中时，其引导词要用where.Hes got himse
11、lf into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that答案是A。10outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外（in the open air; outside; out of doors）e.g.Its cold outdoors.In hot countries you can sleep outdoors.outdooradj. e.g. outdoor activitiesindoor adj. e.g. an indoor sw
12、imming-poolindoors adv. 在室内e.g. Lets go indoors.习语the great outdoors 露天；郊外，野外e.g. I couldnt live in London, I enjoy the great outdoors too much.11naturen. 自然，自然界；（人或动物的）本性，天性e.g.He wants to know the wonders of nature.他想知道大自然的奥妙。Its his nature to be kind to people.他为人厚道。Cats and dogs have quite diffe
13、rent naturesdogs like company, cats are independent.猫和狗的习性迥异狗喜欢有伴、猫爱独来独往。12trustv. & n. 信任；信赖e.g.A good marriage is based on trust.美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的。（n.）I put my trust in you.我信任你。（n.）You cant trust what the papers say.报纸上的话不可信。（vt.）You must trust in your own judgement.你得相信自己的判断力。（vi.）13crazyadj. （
14、1）mad, foolish疯狂的，愚蠢的e.g.Its crazy to go out in such hot weather.在这么热的天出门，真是愚蠢。（2）wildly excited; very interested 狂热的，着迷的e.g. She is crazy about dancing. 她对跳舞十分着迷。14suffer vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历（feel pain, great sorrow, etc）e.g.Shes suffering from loss of memory.她患有遗忘症。We suffered huge losses in the fin
15、ancial crisis.我们在金融危机中损失惨重。Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是总踢足球，功课就糟了。15advice n. 忠告，建议（动词形式是advise）e.g.If you take my advice youll see a doctor.如果你听我的话，就去看病。They advised her against marrying quickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚。（动词用法）三、重点短语1join in参加同take part ine.g.Sarah never joins in with us; she always plays on her own.萨拉一向和我们不合群；她老是一个人玩。The whole nation joined in the cel
