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1、第一部分：学术英语写作一 同义替换解决: solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle损害： damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize给与：give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford培养：develop, cultivate, foster优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：disadvantage, de
2、merit, drawback, downside, weakness使迷惑：puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle重要的：key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative认为：think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced, co
3、ntemplate, suppose, assume, maintain, insist, personally保护：protect, conserve, preserve, reserve确保：assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge有害的： bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental要求 ：request, demand, needs, requisition消除 ：eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 困难: hard, complex, intr
4、icate, stubborn, complicated, sophisticated, tough, involved, intractable, stubborn, troublesome, tanglesome, perplexing, involuted导致： lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate, ignite, stimulate, spur, motivate, give rise to, arouse, render, evoke, tri
5、gger说明: show-reveal, reflect, convey, confirm, demonstrate, disclose, illuminate, indicate, illuminate, justify, signify, cast/throw light on/upon方法/解决: way, solution, approach, recipe, proposal, remedy, scheme, recommendation, measure, means分歧: difference, debate, divergence, controversy, dispute,
6、disagreement普遍的/急迫的/流行的: popular, pervasive, prevalent, fashionable, rampant, pressing, urgent, burning, imperative因此：so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this事实上：practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in realit
7、y，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that换言之：namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.二 措词的用法要求A. 名词方法一：列举方法二：修饰（列举注重逻辑性，修饰注重有效性）eg: 列举greatest thinkers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotleene
8、rgies such as coal, gasoline, wind force, solar energy and nuclear powerThe dark side of technology includes nuclear weapons, global warming, pollution, psychological isolation of the electronic era修饰 Natures Way, which is a chain store dealing with the business of health food and health-related pro
9、ductsTechnology, which is often/mainly characterized by the great convenience in peoples work and life and the much enjoyment in peoples recreation and imagination, is now posing a threat to quality of peoples lives.B. 动词方法一：列举方法二：分词简洁表达eg: 列举We should study hard to broaden our horizons, to enlarge
10、our scope of knowledge and to enrich our lives.Businesses pollute the environment, withhold important product information from consumers, pay employees substandard wages, and misrepresent their financial condition to current and potential shareholders. 分词简洁The governments, both the federal and the l
11、ocals, offer fund to the formerly prosperous art world, triggering the inspiration of artists and activating the dormant art market. C. 形容词方法：列举simple but elegant effective and efficient effective but not efficient三 句子构建A. 插入语插入语的类型介词 in terms of, as a whole, for example/instance, from my perspectiv
12、e, at my standpoint, in my judgmenteg: Governments funding from both the central and local ones, in the financial terms/in terms of finance, will activate the dormant art market and offer some financial aid to those badly-off artists. Deforestation of the Amazon, for instance, is of vital concern to
13、 all those who wish to continue breathing.分词narrowly/broadly defined as, generally speaking, frankly-speaking, epitomized in Aristotleeg: Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history.Generally speaking, the Greek philosophers, epitomized in Aristotle, attempted to set down rul
14、es for human behavior founded on logic.I believe that high technology, if correctly applied, can save far more lives at a lower cost if we manage it correctly.副词 however, nevertheless, thus, hence, therefore, thereaftereg: On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with the notion that humans need n
15、ot make extraordinarily efforts to ensure the preservation of any endangered species.短句 as I perceive, I am afraid, Sb contend, they may point to, I fear, Im afraid, as I perceive, as I am convinced, as I can visualizeeg: This, they may point to, is the real basis for their knowledge.Governments funding, as I perceive, may to some extent pose a threat to the integrity of the arts.The newest technologies, we fear, are making us as flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data. We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot
