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1、 新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson25First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后答复以下问题。What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of
2、 time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely
3、to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption ”She was yet a
4、nother victim, reduced to a screaming wreck”. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one m
5、erely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to disco
6、ver whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you t
7、hink what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confi
8、rms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orph
9、anage - which really is mental health hazard.D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey【New words and expressions 生词和短语】auditory adj. 听觉的inadequate adj. 不适当的plea n. 要求abatement n. 削减discredit v. 疑心allegation n. 断言caption n. 插图说明wreck n. 残废人snag n. 疑难之处，障碍anecdote n. 轶闻slander v.
10、 诽谤persecute v. 迫害squadron n. 中队psychiatric adj. 精神病学的diagnosis n. 诊所orphanage n. 孤儿院【课文解释】1.the Services 军队2.inadequate adj.lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task 不适当的例句:He has made an inadequate choice.他做了一个不适当的选择。not sufficient to meet a need 不充分的例句:Inadequate food can stunt
11、a child”s development.食物缺乏能影响儿童的发育。【反义词】adequate adj. 足够的, 适当的3.discredit vt. the state of being held in low esteem 使 . 不行信, 疑心, 损害 . 的信用例句:They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.他们不再试图疑心这种技术本身。4.be associated with 与 . 相联系例句:In children”s minds, summers are associated with picnics.在孩子
12、们看来，夏天总是和郊游连在一起的。I didn”t want to be associated with it at all.我根本不想与这事有牵连。5.allegation n. 断言, 主见, 辩白, 指控例句:She declared that the allegation was a lie.她断言这一说法是谎话。He demanded the right of reply to the newspaper allegation.他要求获得对报纸断言的辩论权。6.On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that.句中on的意思是on the
13、 occasion of, directly after(当时，随后)7.slandervt. 中伤, 诽谤例句:He that praises publicly will slander privately.当面夸赞你的人，会在背后中伤你。No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.不管他们怎样诽谤我们，我们决不让步。n. 中伤, 诽谤例句:In the last election, they spattered their rivals with slander在上届选举中,他们用谣言中伤对手。8.persecute vt. 迫
14、害, 烦扰, 犯难例句:They persecute those who do not conform to their idea.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。9.aircraft carrier 航空母舰10.That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that.句中消失的3个does的语法功能并不一样，前两个does是一般现在时的否认式使用的助动词，第3个does则是强调用法，有强化句意的作用。【参考译文】在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的很多人对噪声音有切身的体会，他们认为对这个问题进展调查中铺张时间，甚至不愿
15、成认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面，那些厌烦噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们盼望有一个较为宁静的社会环境的要求。要求削减噪音是件好事，但是假如与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很圆满的。常见的一种指责是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，最近一家周报登载了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插图，是一位表情懊丧的女子。图的文字说明：“她是又一个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急迫地看完正文后，便知道这女子是个打字员，办公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是无法区分因果关系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢，还是(精神)病的病症之一是对噪音的埋怨?另有一位病人可能同样有理由埋怨说，她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进展诽谤和迫害，不过，人们不会轻信她的埋怨。对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进展讨论，看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了很多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音
