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1、宾语从句 宾语从句由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词引导，可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作非谓语动词或介词的宾语宾语从句要注意以下几点:一引导词 1由从属连词引导的宾语从句引导宾语从句的从属连词有：that（无词义）whether和if（是否）从属连词只起连接主句与从句的作用，在从句中不充当句子成分由that引导的宾语从句中，that可省略例：They say he is much better. I think (that) he will come to see us tomorrow. I wonder if he can solve such a problem. 2由连接代词引导的宾语从句引导
2、宾语从句的连接代词有who (whom, whose), what, which等连接代词有词义，它们除起连接主句与从句的作用外，还在从句中充当句子成分，作主语，宾语，表语或定语等例：I dont know whose dictionary it is. Will you tell us what the strongest plastics in the world is?注意：连接代词what除作“什么”解外，还可作“所的（事物）”解，它所表示的是一样东西或一件事情，而不是一个问题例：Think of what the people think of. 3由连接副词引导的宾语从句引导宾语从
3、句的连接副词有where, when, how, why等连接副词有词义，它们除了起连接主句与从句的作用外，还在从句中作状语 二词序 无论主句是哪一种语序，从句都必须用陈述语序，尤其要注意当从句是特殊疑问句或一般疑问句时，一定要把它还原成陈述句的语序 例：Do you know where he lived last year? I dont know who he is talking? Please tell if you can finish the work in three days. I think (that) you are right. 三时态 宾语从句的时态学习宾语从句的重
4、点，其主从句的时态必须呼应，具体要求如下： 1如果主句时态为现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，可用所需的任何时态（现在、将来或过去时态）例： 2如果主句时态为过去时，宾语从句的时态要受主句时态的限制，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时） 若宾语从句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，通常用一般过去时；若主句谓语的动作与宾语从句谓语的动作同时发生，则从句用一般过去时或过去进行时若宾语从句中的谓语表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，则从句用过去完成时 若宾语从句谓语表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后，从句用过去将来时例：在以下几种情况中，宾语从句通常用一般
5、现在时，并不受主句时态的限制 A：宾语从句表示的是客观真理时 例：He said that light travels much faster than sound.B：宾语从句表示的科学原理时 例：He told me two and two is four.C宾语从句表示的是自然现象时 例：She said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.D宾语从句表示的是现阶段存在的客观事实时 例：He told me that his mother is a nurse.E宾语从句表示的是谚语时 例：We all know tha
6、t a friend in need is a friend indeed.G.宾语从句表示的是现在经常性或习惯性的动作时 例：Xiao Jun said that he usually gets up at six every morning. 四否定转换（否定词前置）主句中think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后面的宾语从句不能用否定形式如有否定，常将从句否定转移到主句中去例：I dont think she is a teacher. I dont believe that he will come tomorrow.但在以下情况中，否定词不转移（不前置）
7、1主句的主语不是 “I”时，否定词可以不转移 例：They think you arent teacher. 2主句是疑问句时，否定词不转移 例：Do you think he wont come tomorrow? 3从句中含有no, never, hardly, nobody, nothing, little, few和not a little, not a few, notat all, cant help doing等词和词组时，否定词不转移例：I believe there is nothing wrong with the computer. I think that the gi
8、rl is not a little afraid of dogs. 4在think, believe, suppose, expect等动前有副词修饰或有强调词do, does, did时，否定词不转移例：I really think you arent a good man. We do think she isnt Lucys sister. 五宾语从句的复合结构英语中常在find, make, think等动词之后，用it 作形式宾语，直正的宾主that从句放在宾语补足语之后例：I think it important that we should learn English well
9、. 六句末的标点符号取决于主句的句式，与从句无关即主句为陈述句，祈使句，句未用句号； 例：I dont know when shell come here. Do you know that he has been to Wuxi? 七宾语从句简化的几种情况 1当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, promise, choose, agree等引导的宾语从句，且主从句主语相同时，可简化成不定式结构例：I wish that I knew the answer. I wish to know the answer. 2当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, wonder,
10、 remember, forget, tell等引导的宾语从句时，可简化成“疑问句+不定式“结构，主从句主语要一致 例：I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do. 3当主句的谓语动词是tell, ask，show, teach等，后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可转换成“疑问词+不定式”结构Could you tell me how I can get to Yangcun Middle School? Could you tell me how to get to Yangcun Middle School? 4有
11、些含有宾语从句的复合句，从句可简化为现在分词或句词词组 例：I found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. I found a wallet lying on the ground. I take back what I said. I take back my words典型错句解析 1. He doesnt know that when she can return him his book.【解析】know that when she know when she 引导宾语从句的连词不可同时使用 2. He doesnt like
12、that Ive brought him. 【解析】thatwhat，what引导宾语从句时，常无疑问意义，表示“所人(物)”,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 3. Its a question of if we should help her.【解析】if whether介词后接的宾语从句不能用if而应用whether 引导 4. Could you tell me where is she? 【解析】is she she is宾语从句一律用陈述句语序，即谓语动词位于主语后面 5. I think you are going to the park, dont you?【解析】dont arent you在I think that结构中，其后反意疑问句附加部分，要与that之后的从句主，谓一致 6. Could you tell you me which place she lives?【解析】liveslives in. 宾语从名中的动词不是及物动词，后面要带介词 7. He asked me when the train will arrive.【解析】willwould.主从时态要前后呼应，主句为过去时，从句要用过去时形式 8. I dont know that I said.【解析】that what. that引导宾语从句时，其本身无词义what作said 的宾语
