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1、语法直接引语和间接引语（1） 动词时态 : 主句谓语动词是过去时态 宾语从句的谓语动词作如下变化: 一般现在时一般过去时 一般将来时过去将来时时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 主句谓语动词是一般现在时态 宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不作任何变化 主句谓语动词是一般过去时态 动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态,不必变为过去时态;动词过去进行时态或过去完成时态保留,不必变化;有具体的过去时间状语,谓语动词用一般过去时态,不必变为过去完成时态. 人称/物主/反身等代词 第一人称 改为与主句的主语相同的人称 :第二人称 第一人称 第三人称 不变 指示代词 this/the
2、se that/those 时间状语 now, today tomorrow,yesterday,ago 分别改为then,that day,the next day,the day before,before 地点状语 here there 动词 come go ; say to sb ask/want/beg/tell/order sb. 直接引语: They say ,“They want to come here .” 间接引语: They said that they wanted to go there . 学以致用：.将直接引语改为间接引语或直接引语1He says ,“I li
3、ke this book.” _ _ 2. “You are late again,” his father said to her. _ 3. Jack said, “I saw her yesterday.” _ _ 4. My brother said, “Im going to Beijing tomorrow.” _ _5. Ann said, “Its cold today.” _ 6. Father said to Mrs Green, “Your cat is in my room.” _ 7.He says that he is learning English. _ _ 8
4、. John says to me that he has lost my bike. _ 9.He said that he was doing a biology experiment then. 10. She asked me ,”Can I do it?” 直接引语和间接引语（2） (1)祈使句的转述 转述某人的请求（requests）时常用ask sb. (not) to do, 而在转述某人的命令（orders）时多用tell sb. (not) to do结构。 e.g. “Dont touch anything,” the teacher said to him. The t
5、eacher told him not to touch anything. “Please open the window,” he said to me. He asked me to open the window. (2)疑问句的转述 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 e.g. He said,“Can you swim, John?” He asked John if/whether he could swim. 注意：如果问句表示请示，也可用ask sb. to do的结构。 e.g. He said,“Coul
6、d you please open the window?” He asked me to open the window. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。 e.g. She asked me,“When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. (3)时态的变化 当主句为过去时，间接引语的时态应作如下的变化： 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 过去进行时过去进行时 注意：时态不变的情况： 直接引语是客观真理。 直接引语
7、中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 e.g. Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980. (4)间接引语中的时间状语的变化 如：this week变为that week ，now变为then , tomorrow变为the next day, tonight变为that night , yesterday变为the day before , ago变为before 直接引语变间接引语口诀： (1)当直接引语为陈述句： 去掉引号加
8、that，人称变化要灵活； 时态向后退一步，状态变化按规定。(2)当直接引语为祈使句： 去掉引号要加to; ask, order须记住； 直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。(1) 当直接引语是一般疑问句时：去掉引号加if,陈述语序要记住；时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。(2) 当直接引语为特殊疑问句：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉；小心助动词，丢它最重要。学以致用：将下列句子改为直接引语或间接引语1. Mom asked, “ Why arent you at school, Bob?” 2. They said that when they saw her she was playing with
9、 her students. 3. Jim said to me, “Im going to watch a football match tonight.” 4. Tina told me that she went to the beach every Saturday. 5. Mary said to me, “Ill come here again tomorrow.” 6. Mike asked his mother when she would go. 7. He said, “It must be pretty late.” 8. “I cant speak French,” t
10、he boy said. 9. “There is a clothes show tonight on CCTV,” Betty told us. 10. “There are plenty of apples in the basket.”, he said. 阅读Gloria is a famous hostess of a TV station. When she was 15, she happened to walk into a bookstore in her hometown and began looking at the books on the shelves. Hie
11、man behind the counter, John Smith, asked if shed like a job. She needed to start saving for college, so she said yes.Gloria worked after school and during summer vacations, and the job helped pay for her first year of college. During college she would do many other jobs: she served coffee in the student union, was a hotel cleaner and even made maps for the Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most satisfying jobs.One day a woman came into the bookstore and asked Gloria for books on cancer. The woman seemed anxious. Gloria showed her practically everything
