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1、一.本课要点及示例 在这一课里, 我们学习用助动词 should 和 could 加上 have再加上动词的过去分词作句子来表示跟过去事实相反的情况, 比方 你昨天不应该开他的车.You shouldnt have driven his car yesterday. 或是我本来可以到超级市场去.I could have gone to the supermarket. 我们还要学习用助动词 might 或是 must加上have 和动词的过去分词来表示猜测过去发生的事情, 比方 他昨天可能说了. He might have said it yesterday. 或是 他昨天一定到过这儿了. H
2、e must have been here yesterday. 现在我们还是先听一段对话,内容是说玛丽和彼得到饭馆去吃饭, 结果彼得肚子不舒服. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调. M: Mary, I dont feel too well. I have a stomach ache. F: Well, you shouldnt have eaten all that pizza. M: I didnt have that much. Besides it might have been something else that I ate. F: What else did you ea
3、t? M: I had a salad. Something in the salad could have upset my stomach. F: Maybe, but I had a salad too, and I feel fine. What kind of dressing did you have on your salad? M: Just oil and vinegar. F: Then I dont think it was the salad. It must have been the pizza. Anyway, I hope you feel better soo
4、n. M: Thanks, I think Ill lie down for a while. 现在老师再用慢速度把整段对话念一遍给你听. M: Mary, I dont feel too well. I have a stomach ache. F: Well, you shouldnt have eaten all that pizza. M: I didnt have that much. Besides it might have been something else that I ate. F: What else did you eat? M: I had a salad. So
5、mething in the salad could have upset my stomach. F: Maybe, but I had a salad too, and I feel fine. What kind of dressing did you have on your salad? M: Just oil and vinegar. F: Then I dont think it was the salad. It must have been the pizza. Anyway, I hope you feel better soon. M: Thanks, I think I
6、ll lie down for a while. 现在我把对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子挑出来,请英文老师再念一遍给你听. F: You shouldnt have eaten all that pizza. M: It might have been something else that I ate. M: Something in the salad could have upset my stomach. F: It must have been the pizza.二.SHOULDNT HAVE 现在我们开始作练习首先我们练习 shouldnt have 加上动词过去分词的用法.以
7、前我们学过怎么用 shouldnt 劝人不应该作某件事情. 比方有个朋友在公共汽车上抽烟,你看见了就告诉他: 你不应该在公共汽车上 抽烟. You shouldnt smoke on a bus. 如果你的朋友告诉你, 他昨天在公共汽车上抽了烟, 你认为他昨天不应该抽, 你就说: You shouldnt have smoked on a bus.现在我们作第一组练习,学学怎么表示不赞同别人过去作的事情. 在这组练习里你还可以学到一些跟快速食品有关系的词汇, 比方 牛肉饼店a hamburgerjoint, 乳酪牛肉饼 cheeseburger, 意大利馅饼店 a pizza parlor 等
8、等. 练习的作法是彼得说出一些过去时态句子, 比方: 我去了一家快餐店, 在那儿吃了一个烤牛肉三明治. I went to a fast food restaurant. I had a roastbeef sandwich there. 请你用 shouldnt have 加上动词过去分词把句子改成 Youshouldnt have had a roastbeef sandwich there.每作完一句, 老师就会把正确答案念一遍给你听. M: I went to a fast food restaurant, I had a roastbeef sandwich there. F: Yo
9、u shouldnt have had a roastbeef sandwich there. M: I went to a hamburger joint. I ate a cheeseburger there. F: You shouldnt have eaten a cheeseburger there. M: I went to a pizza parlor. I ate 3 pieces of pizza there. F: You shouldnt have eaten 3 pieces of pizza there. M: I ate so much. F: You should
10、nt have eaten so much. M: I had a big meal. F: You shouldnt have had such a big meal. 下面我们用代换方式练习怎么劝别人在过去应该作某件事. 练习的内容都是说到彼得告诉玛丽他在前一天晚上吃多了肚子疼之后,玛丽劝彼得的话,比方彼得既然吃饱就不应该再吃, 应该小心的选择食物, 肚子疼就应该看大夫,吃药, 躺下来休息等等. 练习的作法是玛丽说一句话, 然后老师会念出一个用过去分词开头的词组, 请你跟玛丽一起把词组代换到原来的句子里. F: You should have stopped eating when you
11、 were full. M: eaten less F: You should have eaten less. M: been more careful about what you ate F: You should have been more careful about what you ate. M: chosen the right things to eat F: You should have chosen the right things to eat. M: had dinner at home F: You should have had dinner at home.
12、M: gone to a doctor F: You should have gone to a doctor. M: taken some medicine F: You should have taken some medicine. M: lain down and rest F: You should have lain down and rest.三.MUST HAVE 下面一组练习是用 must have 加上动词过去分词来表示自己认为过去一定发生的事情. 比方玛丽听说彼得前一天晚上吃那么多就下结论说:当时你一定觉得很不舒服; 你肚子疼一定是吃太多, 太快了, 等等.练习的作法是玛
13、丽说一句话, 然后老师说出一个动词词组请你用动词过去分词作代换练习. 每作完一个句子, 老师就会念出正确答案给你听. F: You must have felt sick. M: feel terrible F: You must have felt terrible. M: have an upset stomach F: You must have had an upset stomach. M: have too much food F: You must have had too much food. M: eat something bad F: You must have eate
14、n something bad. M: eat too fast F: You must have eaten too fast.四.COULD HAVE BEEN 下面我们作一组练习, 学习用could have been 作句子来揣测过去发生的事情.比方玛丽听说彼得吃坏了肚子, 就猜测可能是彼得前一天晚上在饭店吃的东西不干净. 她问彼得许多问题, 彼得都一一的作肯定的答覆.在这组练习里你可以学到美国快餐店常常有的食物和调味品, 比方 炸薯条 french fries, 牛奶冰淇淋混合饮料 milkshake 等等. 现在请你注意听玛丽问问题, 并且跟彼得一起做肯定的答复. F: Could
15、 it have been the pizza that you had? M: It could have been the pizza that I had. F: Could it have been the salad that you had? M: It could have been the salad that I had. F: Could it have been the salad dressing? M: It could have been the salad dressing. F: Could it have been the roastbeef sandwich that you ate?
