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1、 2022年职称英语理工类概括大意模拟考试题(8)1New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.2Soot in the higher latitudes of th
2、e Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.3Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow
3、and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier, said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space S
4、tudies, New York.4Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which1 may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in
5、the atmosphere above the oceans and land.5“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon2，” Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds clima
6、te. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global wanning as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude, Hansen noted.6Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary caus
7、e of climate warming during the past century.3 Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest4 of this century.7The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were cons
8、istent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover5 and sufficient sunlight.解释：1.which指代albedo。2.thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon：相当于thus heating the snow surface more
9、than(heating the snow surface)if there were no black carbon。3. the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century：“that greenhouse gases . during the past century”是同位语从句，表达fact的内容。4.the rest：剩余局部5.snow cover：雪的掩盖层练习：1.Paragraph 3 _2.Paragraph 4 _3.Paragra
10、ph 6 _4.Paragraph 7 _ASoots Role in Changes in the Climate and the AtmosphereBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDEffort to Reduce Snow AlbedoEWays to Reduce Soot EmissionFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming5.In
11、the twentieth century, soot _.6.Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases _.7.Black soot covered snow and ice _.8.A soot forcing is unusually effective, which _.Aproduces much more global wanning than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeBcontinued to 25 percent of observed global warmingCcan
12、produce greenhouse gasesDabsorb more of suns energy and warmth than white backgroundEstill surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last centryFcan be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere答案与题解：1.C第三段解释了为什么soot会增加地球升温效应。2.A第四段介绍了soot在两方面起的作用：(1)soot增加了雪汲取太阳能量和热量的力量;(2)soot导致海洋和陆地上空的大气层
13、发生变化。3.F第六段的关键句子是：“. greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.”4.B第七段介绍了在讨论北半球的纬度、雪掩盖面和日照诸因素与气温上升之间的关系方面取得的成果。5.B选择B的依据是第一段。有关的句子是：“. black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.”选项B中用了过去式contributed，也是选B的一个线索
14、，由于第五题的题干中有in the twentieth century，这个时间状语要求谓语动词用过去式，而4个选项中只有B项的动词用的是过去式。6.EHansen cautioned和greenhouse gases仅消失在第六段。该段的大意是：虽然煤烟在转变全球气候方面所起的作用相当显着，但是上个世纪气温上升的主要因素还是温室气体。选项E概括了第六段的意思。7.D此题答案的依据是其次段第一句。8.A此题答案的依据是第五段的以下句子：Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，” Hansen noted.
