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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some of these online services are free, while others（ ）a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些网络服务是免费的，但是其他的需要付费。carry “包含”；cashier “解雇”；coincide “同时发生”；collect “收集”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。2. 填空题A healthy diet with proper nutrition is esse
2、ntial for maintaining good overall health.（1）it was discovered earlier in this century, people have routinely（2）taking supplements for this purpose. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is a used nutritional（3） for maintaining optimal health. The RDA specifies the recommended（4）of a number of nut
3、rients for people（5）many different age and sex groups. The National Research Councils Committee on Diet and Health（6）proposed a definition of the RDA to be that amount of a nutrient（7）meets the needs of 98 percent of the population. The RDA approach has a number of shortcomings. First, it is（8）on th
4、e assumption that（9）is possible to accurately define nutritional requirements for a given group.（10），individual nutritional（11）can vary widely within each group. The efficiency with which a person converts food intake（12）nutrients can also vary widely. Certain foods when eaten in combination actuall
5、y（13）the absorption of nutrients. For example, spinach combined with milk reduces the amount of calcium available to the body（14）the milk. Also, the RDA approach specifies a different dietary requirement for each age and（15）.【答案】（1）since（2）been（3）guideline或reference（4）intake（5）of（6）has（7）which（8）bas
6、ed（9）it（10）second（11）needs（12）into（13）affect（14）in（15）sex【解析】（1）语法题。空格所在句的主句部分是现在完成进行吋（表示从过去某个时间开始的某动作一直延续到现在），所以空格这是应填写一个连词since表示时间的开始，引导时间状语从句。（2）语法题。根据上一题解析知道这里是完成进行时，taking用的是现在分词形式，根据固定搭配（主语）+助动词（have/has） +been+ 动词的现在分词+其他成分）知这里填写been。（3）句意分析题。根据该句句意“Recommended Dietary Allowance （推荐膳食许可量）是保持
7、最佳身体健康的.”可知这里要填一个跟RDA对等的名词，guideline或reference都可以。（4）句意分析题。根据该句句意“针对不同年龄及性别的人们，RDA （推荐膳食许可量）列举了一些营养物的推荐摄入量。”摄入量填写intake。（5）介词用法。根据第4题的句意分析知这里句意是“针对不同年龄及性别的人们”，应该填介词of来构成介词短语作定语修饰前面的people。（6）时态用法题。由上文可知本句也是现在完成时态，所以这里填写has。（7）语法题。根据句意和空格后动词确定这是一个从句，这里应填一个关系代词（指代前面的“amount”）来构成一个后置定语从句修饰amount，修饰物可以填
8、which或者that，但是前面的amount前有形容词that，所以这里填写which较为合适。（8）固定搭配。be based on为固定用法，建立在基础上。（9）固定句式：it + be动词+形容词+that从句。it作形式主语。（10）推断题。由前一句中的“first （首先）”及前后句的句意，推断这里应该填跟其词性一样的词（其次），所以填写“second”。（11）推断题。根据前一句句意首先，它是基于这样一种假设，即有可能准确定义特定人群的营养需求。推断这里应该是“个人的营养需求”，所以可以填写needs 或者requirements，但是上一句已经出现过requirements，为
9、避免重复，填写needs。（12）固定短语。该句句意是一个人转换食物摄取营养素的效率也会有很大差异。营养转化用固定短语convert into，所以填介词into。（13）句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此处表达“食物混合在一起，可能影响营养成分的吸收。”主语foods是复数形式，动词affect影响用原形。（14）句子结构分析。这里的the amount of calcium应该是milk中的，故填写介词in在.之内。（15）对应前文。对应前面第五题空格后的“different age and sex groups”，故这里填写sex。3. 单选题Arrogance and pride are
10、similar in meaning, but there is a(n)（ ）difference between them.问题1选项A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与骄傲字面上意思接近，但是二者有细微的区别。submerged “水下的”；indecisive “犹豫不决的”；indistinct “模糊的”；subtle “微妙的，细微的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。4. 单选题A(n)（ ） test is a rough measure of a childs capacity f
11、or learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required at school.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：智力测试是对儿童学习能力的大致评估，尤其是对学校所要求的科目的学习能力。proficiency “熟练度”；intelligence “智力”；psychology “心理学”；speed “速度”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The sun today is a yellow dwarf
12、 star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert hydrogen to helium. The sun has existed in its present state for about 4 billion, 600 million years and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the Suns w
13、ill be like. About 5 billion years from now, the core of the sun will shrink and become hotter. The surface temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of the sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about th
14、e distance to mercury, which is the closest planet to the sun. The sun will then be a red giant star. Temperatures on the earth will become too hot for life to exist.Once the sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After it shrinks to the size of the earth,
15、it will become a white dwarf star. The sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf.After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the earth will be dark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen onto the earths surface.1.What is the primary purpose of this passage?
