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1、2013-2014学年高一级英语小课题研究英语定语从句的研究紫金县中山高级中学 高一英语备课组定语从句是高中语法中的重要组成部分。在历来的高考试题中都有所体现，它既是重点又是难点,在引导学生学习时要把握好尺度既不能将其复杂化,又不能解释的片面。定语从句是英语语法中一个比较重要的内容，为了使学生熟练掌握定语从句的用法，本文从定语从句的定义、结构限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句几方面论述该语法知识。望能帮助学生理解用法，并能让学生感到能学有所用，真正体现英语语法的作用。一、从定语从句的概念及对概念的分析着手1、定语从句的概念凡修饰某一名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫定语从句。2、分析概念让我们先来看这
2、样一个公式：“先行词+关系词+从句”。 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，因此第一步确定先行词，先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的词（名词、代词）; 第二步确定从句，一般从句是指先行词后的句子（注意：此句子结构是不完整的）。句子可能缺少主语、定语、宾语、表语、状语等任何一个。（注意：只能少一种成份）。所以我们要根据少的什么成份来确定第三步，填合适的关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。凡从句中少主语、定语、宾语、表语、我们需填上关系代词之一that,which,who,whom,who
3、se,as等; 凡从句中少状语、我们需填上关系副词之一when,where,why等。For example: A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(句中machine为先行词,_ can fly是从句，此从句中少主语。根据理论凡从句中少主语、定语、宾语、表语、我们需填上关系代词之一that,which,who,whom,whose,as等; machine是物，所以本句可填that 或which。3、关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句;B.在从句中代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。要构成定语从句,先行词和关系词二者缺一不可。关系副词
4、作状语不可省。关系代词在从句中作成分，唯有作宾语可以省。4、关系词的选择与判断（1）、关系词有关系代词和关系副词。在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用。关系词的选择主要看从句中少什么成份，凡从句中少主语、定语、宾语、表语、我们需填上关系代词之一that,which,who,whom,whose,as等; 凡从句中少状语、我们需填上关系副词之一when,where,why等。（2）、如何判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain vill
5、age where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错：（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village （which） I visited last y
6、ear.（对）Ill never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was he
7、ld. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the onekeys：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the
8、 museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 （3）、图表并附表说明: 主语 who that 人 宾语 whom that 主语 that which 关系代词 物 宾语 that which of which/whom the+名词 定语 whose=人、物 the+名词of which/whom 表语 that 时间 when=适当介词+which 关系副词 地点 where=适当介词+which 原因 why=适当介词+which凡从句少主语，先行词指人的用关系代词who 或that, 先行词指物的用关系代词 that或whi
9、ch; 凡从句少宾语，先行词指人的用关系代词whom 或that, 先行词指物的用关系代词 that或which; 凡从句少表语，先行词指人的或物的均用关系代词that；凡从句少定语，先行词指人的或物的均用关系代词whose；凡从句少状语，先行词指时间的用关系副词 when ; 先行词指地点的用关系副词 where ; 先行词指原因的用关系副词 why .友情提示：只有宾语从句可省略关系词，但还要视情况而定，如作介词宾语不可省略；如有若干宾语只可省略第一个关系词，后面的若干个都不能省略等。别的从句不可省略关系词。 as可作主语、宾语 修饰整个句子，可与 such 、the same 搭配用。
10、表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用that 或which（4）、Exercises :1.Is this museum _ they visited yesterday?2. Is this the museum_ they visited yesterday?3. Is this the museum_ they stayed yesterday?4. It was the museum _ you saw many treasures5. It was in the museum_ you saw many treasures6. It was in the
11、 museum_ you dropped in that you saw many treasures7 .she lived in the house _ she used to live 8. she lived in the house _ she used to live in9 .she lived in the house _ she dropped in 10. she lived in the house _ she used to visit11. she lived in the house _ the windows were broken12 .she lived in
12、 the house the windows _were broken13. she lived in the house _ windows were broken14. He is such a good teacher _ we all like15. He is such a good teacher _ we all like him16 .That is the day _ he went to college17. That is the day _ he went to college on18. I dont believe the reason_ he was late f
13、or school19. I dont believe the reason_ he was late for school for20. He is the professor _ the name was JacksonKeys:1 the one 2 that /which/不填 3 where 4 where 5 that 6 where/at which 7 where/in which 8 that /which/不填 9 where/at which 10 that /which/不填 11of which 12 of which 13 whose 14 as 15 that 1
14、6 when/on which 17 that /which/不填 18 why/for which 19 that /which/不填 20 of whom二、定语从句的分类定语从句分为二大类；限制性与非限制性定语从句。1、限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语；如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加说明；如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。2、限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号分开。For example: She has a son who is a doctor限制性定语从句She has a son , who is a doctor非限制性定语从句3、限制性定语从句可以用that引导；非限制性定语从句不用that引导，应用which。For example: He said nothing that made her angry限制性定语从句 He said nothing , which made her angry非限制性定语从句4、限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时可省略，非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时不可省略，介
