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1、2022年高中英语 Unit 18 Inventions知识精讲 人教版第二册【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 18 Inventions（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二. 本周知识精讲：（一）重点单词1. reject vt.拒绝；排斥；抛弃；剔除 其后跟名词或what引导的名词性从句作宾语，但不接that及其他wh-引导的从句，不接动词不定式。短语：reject a request 拒绝请求 reject different ideas拒绝不同的观点1）Disappointingly, after the transplant, his body rejected th
2、e new heart.令人失望的是，他的身体排斥他新移植的心脏。2）When we make jam, we usually reject the over ripe fruit.制果酱时，我们通常除去熟透的水果。3）Most of the people present at the meeting reject what you said just now.大多数出席会议的人不接受你刚在会上说的话。区分：reject 和refusereject意为“拒绝；拒收；扔掉”，只可接名词或what引导的名词性从句，主语只能是人，不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助。refuse“拒绝”，可接名词、代词、不
3、定式，主语可以是人或物，指拒绝请求、帮助、邀请等。1）My colleague rejected the saying that he was a liar.我的同事拒不接受别人说他是说谎者。2）He is so kind a person that she cant refuse him anything.他是如此好心的人以至她什么也不能拒绝他。3）With her parents quarreling continuously, she refused to go home.因为父母老是吵架，她拒绝回家。Exercises : We shouldnt _different ideas ju
4、st because we disagree on them.A. realize B. reject C. recognize D. remind I felt very disappointed when my repeated request that I join the club was_. A. replaced B. resisted C. refused D. removed答案：1. B 2. C2. aware adj. 察觉到的；感觉到的；意识到的 be/bee aware of“意识到”， be/bee aware that“知道；意识到”1）Finally we we
5、re aware of the mistake that couldnt be corrected. 最后我们才意识到这个错误是无法改正的。2）The woman became aware of footsteps hurrying after her. 那位妇女觉察到身后有匆忙的脚步声。3）The unexpected disaster happened without my being aware of it. 意料不到的灾难在我不知不觉中发生了。4）As her close friend, I became aware how she might feel. 作为她最好的朋友，我觉察到她
6、会有怎样的感受。5）The soldier is well aware that its an adventure to save the child trapped in the flood. 那个战士清醒的意识到去救被困在洪水中的那个孩子是件冒险的事。Exercises :You must be aware_ you are doing is quite illegal. A. that B. that what C. what D. that howWhat seems the most dangerous is that they havent been_ of this ing di
7、saster. A. sensitive B. tired C. aware D. known_(你可知你坐在我的帽子上了吗？)_（我们十分明白）the importance of the exam. 答案：1. B 2. C 3. Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat. 4. We are well aware of3. otherwise （1）用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于 or，or else 或 if not . 1）Well go early，otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去
8、，要不然就没有座位了。2）Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。3）I was ill that day，otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。4)We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。注意：如果说的只是一种与事实
9、不符的假设，otherwise后的句子要采用虚拟语气。otherwise本身相当于一个虚拟条件句，所以它后边的句子采用主句中虚拟语气的构成形式。（2）otherwise 用作副词，具有下列意义：a. 意为“另外；别样”。相当于 differently 或 in another way.例如：1)He evidently thinks otherwise. 他显然有不同的想法。2)She is otherwise engaged. 她另外有事。3)We were going to play football，but it was so hot that we decided to do othe
10、rwise. 我们原打算踢足球，可是天气太热，我们就决定去干别的事情了。b. 意为“在其他方面”。相当于 in other 或 different ways. 1)The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。2)He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。3)The article is long，but not otherwise blameworthy. 这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好的。c. 意为“相反地；要
11、不然；否则”。相当于 in the other way 或 on the contrary . 例如：1)He is guilty until proved otherwise. 在证明他无罪之前他是有罪的。2)He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten. 幸亏他提醒了我，要不然我就忘了。3)I hate her and I wont pretend otherwise. 我讨厌她，而且我不愿装作喜欢她。4. possibility（1）Un. 可能性，可实现性；后常跟of或that引导的同位语从句1)There is a
12、good possibility of rain tonight. 今晚很可能要下雨。 2)Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman?他有被选为主席的可能吗？(2）Cn. 可能的事, 可能发生的事Life on other planets is a possibility. 其他行星上有生命是有可能的。 (3)发展的潜力，希望；一般用复数1)He is a man of possibilities. 他是一个有发展潜力的人。2)I see great possibilities in this project. 我认为这
13、个项目有很大的发展潜力。 5. attempt尝试；企图a. 用作vt. 其后常接：(1)名词：1）I didnt attempt the last question in the exam. 我没有试图去做试卷中最后一题。2）He has attempted a difficult task. 他开始了一项艰难的工作。(2) 后加不定式构成短语：attempt to do sth (=try to do sth /seek to do sth)尝试做某事（暗含不成功的意思）1)He attempted to lie. 他企图说谎。2)He attempted to leave but was
14、 stopped. 他试图要走，但被拦住了。3)Id rather not attempt to guess what the result will be. 我不愿去猜测会有什么结果。(3) 动名词 (不如用不定式常见)：He attempted swimming across the river. 他试图要游过河去。注意：以上用法有时可互相转换，且含义上没有多少变化：不要企图一个人去做这件事。正：Dont attempt to do it by yourself. 正：Dont attempt doing it by yourself. 犯人企图逃走，但失败了。正：The prisoner
15、 attempted to escape but failed. 正：The prisoner attempted an escape but failed. b. 用作名词，是可数名词，其后常接：(1) 不定式：1) He made no attempt to carry it out. 他没有设法把它付诸实施。I failed in my attempt to finish it in time. 我未能及时把它完成。2 介词短语 attempt at：1)My first attempt at English position was poor. 我第一次试写的英语作文很差。2)He made an attempt at winning the first prize. 他试图要获头奖。Exercises:The profes
