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1、Confucius（孔子）1 the master is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? the philosopher yu said, they are f
2、ew who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. there have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. the superior man bends his attention to what is radical. that being established, all practical courses
3、naturally grow up. filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions? the master said, fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue. the philosopher tsang said, i daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting bus
4、iness for others, i may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, i may have been not sincere;-whether i may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher. the master said, to rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must bereverent attention to business, and
5、 sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons. the master said, a youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad,respectful to his elders. he should be earnest and truthful. he should overflowing love to all, and cultivate the friend
6、ship of the good. when he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them impolite studies. tsze-hsia said, if a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert hi
7、s utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, i will certainly say that he has. the master said, if the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and h
8、is learning will not be solid. hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. have no friends not equal to yourself. when you have faults, do not fear to abandon them. the philosopher tsang said, let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed
9、 when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence. tsze-chin asked tsze-kung saying, when our master comes to any country, hedoes not fail to learn all about its government. does he ask his information? Or is it given to him? tsze-kung
10、said, our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. the masters mode of asking information, is it not different from that of other men? the master said, while a mans father is alive, look at the bent of his will ; when his father is dead, look
11、 at his conduct. if for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial. the philosopher yu said, in practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. in the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small an
12、d great we follow them. yet it is not to be observed in all cases. if one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done. the philosopher yu said, when agreements are made according to what is right, what is spo
13、ken can be made good. when respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. when the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guide and masters. the master said, he who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his fo
14、od does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek he appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech ; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeed to love to learn. tsze-kung s
15、aid, what do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud? the master replied, they will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who , though rich, loves the rules of propriety. tsze-kung replied, it is sa
16、id in the book of poetry, as you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.-the meaning is the same, i apprehend, as that which you have just expressed. the master said, with one like tsze, i can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence. the master said, i will not be afflicted at mens not kn
