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1、2022年自学考试-自考本科考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 多选题马斯洛提出了著名的需要层次论，他把人的需要分为（ ）。问题1选项A.生理的需要B.安全的需要C.爱与归属的需要D.尊重的需要E.自我实现的需要【答案】A;B;C;D;E【解析】2. 论述题34.结合具体诗篇论述艾青诗歌的艺术建树。【答案】(1)注重意象选取和形象创造。特别注重采用独特、生动、具体可感而又丰富底蕴的意象，把一些抽象的东西得以形象化地表述。艾青诗歌中心意象是“土地”和“太阳”，凝聚着诗人对生活的独特观察、感受与认识，凝聚着诗人独特的思想与感情。(2)注重感觉印象与所宣泄的主观感情的有机融合。如旷野中的“雾”的
2、描写，诗人并非止于对外界自然光、色的敏锐感觉，而是融入了主观感情，使旷野中的色彩有了象征意义，引起人们丰富联想。(3)散文化语言和自由体形式的追求。提倡诗的“散文美”，以散文式的诗句自由抒写，诗歌中不仅意象纷呈，而且容纳了大量现实生活的细节，辅之以有规律的排比和反复，造成了和谐的节奏与回荡的旋律，呈现出音乐美。3. 单选题园领导与教职工之间、教师与幼儿之间，相互促进,，相互影响，管理者和被管理者双方在管理过程中逐步成长，这体现了幼儿园管理过程的“育人”目的具有（ ）。问题1选项A.循环性B.单向性C.完整性D.双向互动性【答案】D【解析】【考点】幼儿园管理过程-幼儿园管理过程概述-幼儿园管理过
3、程的分析【解析】“育人”目的具有双向互动性。园领导与教职工之间、教师与幼儿之间，相互促进,，相互影响，管理者和被管理者双方在管理过程中逐步成长。幼儿的成长离不开专业化的幼儿教师，从这一角度看，园长对教师管理的目的之一就是要促进教师专业的提升，从而最终实现培养幼儿的根本目的。故本题选D。4. 问答题41.简述话本小说的艺术特点。【答案】宋人的话本小说是流行于市井的俗文学,从民间的讲唱文学发展而来。话本是说话人的底本，故话本小说就是以口语记录下来的白话小说;它虽然是继承唐代“说话”的传统而来的，但到了宋代，说话这一技艺特别发达，盛极一时。 流传下来的说话人的底本，经编辑后出版，便成了流行于世的宋元
4、话本小说了。5. 单选题钱谦益金陵秋兴组诗的体式是（ ）。问题1选项A.七言律诗B.七言古诗C.五言律诗D.五言古诗【答案】A【解析】本题考查清代文学清代诗歌钱谦益。钱谦益的金陵秋兴为七律组诗，步和杜甫的秋兴八首，沉郁苍楚。七言古诗代表观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行并序。五言律诗代表春望。五言古诗代表赠白马王彪。故本题选A。6. 单选题适宜的幼儿园户外活动场地是人均面积（ ）。问题1选项A.1平方米B.2平方米C.3平方米D.4平方米【答案】C【解析】【考点】本题考查幼儿园财务与设备设施管理-幼儿园的设备设施管理-幼儿园设备设施管理的对象【解析】幼儿园除园舍用地外，还应留有足够的户外活动场地，以便幼儿
5、充分呼吸新鲜空气，接触阳光，进行身体锻炼，户外活动场地以人均面积3平方米为宜。故本题选C。7. 单选题生命个体的基本构成单元是（ ）。问题1选项A.系统B.器官C.组织D.细胞【答案】D【解析】8. 单选题中国人民解放军设置政治教导员的层级是（ ）。问题1选项A.连级B.营级C.团级D.师级【答案】B【解析】9. 单选题下列武侠小说中，属于梁羽生创作的是（ ）。问题1选项A.书剑恩仇录B.白发魔女传C.射雕英雄传D.鹿鼎记【答案】B【解析】本题考查新时期文学-新时期小说。梁羽生是中国著名武侠小说家，与金庸、古龙、温瑞安并称为中国武侠小说四大宗师，被誉为新派武侠小说的开山祖师，白发魔女传是他的作
6、品。书剑恩仇录是金庸创作的首部长篇武侠小说。射雕英雄传、鹿鼎记是金庸创作的长篇武侠小说。故本题选B。10. 名词解释发展【答案】答：发展是由一种新结构的获得或从一种就结构向一种新结构转化组成的过程。发展是一种的连续的、稳定的且在个体内部进行的变化。【解析】【考点】本题考查绪论-关于发展理论-什么是发展11. 单选题儿童夜盲症主要是缺乏（ ）。问题1选项A.维生素AB.维生素BC.维生素DD.维生素E【答案】A【解析】12. 单选题Surviving Illness Away From HomeBeing ill is a horrible thing at the best of times,
7、 but what is even worse is when you are ill away from home. If youre living away from home or abroad, its important to get better at your own pace in order to ensure you can enjoy the rest of your time away. Pampering （娇惯）yourself is always a good start. If you feel so ill and tired that you cant ev
8、en get out of bed, then dont! Make a trip to the kitchen and stock up on fluids and try to make yourself some hot food. The key to getting better is to drink lots of fluids. Water and hot drinks such as green tea and soup are usually the best things. Try to distract yourself from feeling horrible. I
9、f you have a TV, watch one of your favorite films or TV series. If you dont have a TV, maybe put the radio on. If you have a headache and all the noise is too much to handle, try reading the book youve always wanted to read but never had the time to. Being ill doesnt have to be the worst day in the
10、world! Tell your friends and family that you are ill. Sometimes there is nothing better than hearing words of comfort from loved ones who feel sorry for you and want to cheer you up and make you happy. There is nothing wrong with a little attention from others when youre ill. Who knows, they might e
11、ven be willing to travel and visit you with lots of “Get Well” presents like your favorite food, magazine or flowers. When you do arrive at a new place where you will be staying for a few months, make sure you know exactly where the nearest drugstore is. If you are in a foreign country, it might be
12、best to translate a few useful phrases before you start asking for a cure.1.Being sick away from home is ( ).2.You are advised to recover ( ).3.The best cure for illness is ( ).4.If you cannot bear the noise from TV, ( ).5.A few useful translated phrases help you ( ).6.You can buy medicine ( ).问题1选项
13、A.ask for medicineB.at your own paceC.water and hot drinksD.a terrible experienceE.at a nearby drugstoreF.read your favorite bookG.suffer from a cold问题2选项A.ask for medicineB.at your own paceC.water and hot drinksD.a terrible experienceE.at a nearby drugstoreF.read your favorite bookG.suffer from a c
14、old问题3选项A.ask for medicineB.at your own paceC.water and hot drinksD.a terrible experienceE.at a nearby drugstoreF.read your favorite bookG.suffer from a cold问题4选项A.ask for medicineB.at your own paceC.water and hot drinksD.a terrible experienceE.at a nearby drugstoreF.read your favorite bookG.suffer from a cold问题5选项A.ask for medicineB.at your own paceC.water and hot drinksD.a terrible experienceE.at a nearby drugstoreF.read y
