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1、总结涡轮增压器使用过程中的注意事项总结涡轮增压器使用过程中的注意事项涡轮增压器是利用 发动机排气管排出的高速气流带动涡轮旋转,并通过同轴旋转的进气叶轮增大进气管的空气压力,增加气缸的充气量,提高发动 机功率,并降低排放,该技术在建筑机械上应用日趋广泛。Turbochargeristheuseofengineexhaustpipesofhighspeedairturbinerota tion,andthroughthecoaxialrotationoftheimpellerattheinletincreasedint akepipeoftheairpressure,increaseyourcyl
2、inder,increaseenginepower,a ndreduceemissions,thetechnologyisincreasinglywidelyusedinconstru ctionmachinery.由于废气涡轮增压器安装在排气管上,工作环境 恶劣,通常处在500c高温和每分钟1020万转的高速下工作, 且与发动机共用一套润滑系统,润滑条件差,如使用维护不当, 很容易导致增压器损坏,使发动机无法正常工作。我们只有了解其结构、原理,掌握正确的使用与维护方法, 才能有效提高机械的寿命,充分发挥其性能。Duetoexhaustgasturbochargersinstalledonth
3、eexhaustpipe,badworken vironment,usuallyat500Chightemperatureandunde门0200000RPMhighspeedwork,anduseaset oflubricationsystemandengine,poorlubricationcondition,suchastheus eofimpropermaintenance,veryeasytocausetheturbochargerisdamaged,theenginecantworknormally.Weonlyknowitsstructure,principle,tomas te
4、rthecorrectuseandmaintenance,caneffectivelyimprovethemechanica llife,givefullplaytoitsperance. 一、废气涡轮增压器的工作原理 A,theworkingprincipleofexhaustgasturbocharger 涡轮增压器主要由 涡轮机、中间体和压气机三大部分组成(如图所示)。涡轮机的主要作用是利用发动机排出的废气冲击涡轮作功, 以驱动压气机叶轮高速旋转。压气机的作用是将涡轮旋转的动能转变为空气的压力能,使 进入发动机的空气压力有效提高,增大空气进入量。中间体既是增压器的支承机构,又是增压器的润
5、滑冷却装置。工作时,增压器转子轴一端的涡轮叶轮在气缸排出的废气驱动下,带动另一端的压气机叶轮高速旋转(30000160000转/分钟),同时,涡轮带动离心式压气机提高进气压力,并通过中冷 器冷却,增大空气的密度后进入气缸,使每个工作循环进入气缸 的新鲜空气量增加,从而喷入更多的燃油。高压空气流经进气管进入气缸与喷入气缸的更多柴油混合燃 烧,显著改善了发动机的燃烧过程,可提高发动机功率30%50%,降低油耗8%左右。Turbochargerismainlycomposedofturbines,intermediatesandcompres sorthreeparts(asshown).Turbi
6、neisthemainpurposeofusingengineexha ustfromimpactturbinework,todrivethecompressorimpellerrotatingata highspeed.Istheroleofcompressorturbinerotationalkineticenergyistran sedintotheairpressurecan,ismakingtheairpressureintotheengineeffecti vely,increasetheamountofairintothe.Intermediatesisasupercharger
7、bea ringstructure,andthesuperchargerlubricationcoolingdevice.Work,supe rchargerrotorshaftsideoftheturbineimpellerdriveninwastegasinthecyli nder,drivenattheotherendofthehigh-speedrotatingcompressorimpeller (30000160000RPM),atthesametime,thegasturbinedrivingcentrifuga lcompressorandairpressure,andthro
8、ughthecoldcool,afterincreasingthe densityofairintothecylinder,makeeachworkcycleinthefreshairinthecyl indervolumeincrease,thusmorefuelinjection.Highpressureairthrought heintakepipeandinjectionintothecylindercylindermoredieselhybridco mbustion,significantlyimprovedthecombustionprocessofengineanden gin
9、epowercanbeimproved30%50%,reducefuelconsumptionbyaroun d8%.二、废气涡轮增压器的使用注意事项 2,theuseoftheexhaustturbinesuperchargermattersneedingattention 期 刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆 Journalarticlesclassifiedquery,injournalsinthelibrary1、选用润滑油 要确保质量 1,theselectionoflubricatingoiltoensurequality 涡轮增压 器普遍采用全浮式轴承,对机油的要求很高,应按规定加
10、注,并 定期清洗机油滤清器,保持机油清洁,严防泥砂和杂质掺入,如 有脏物掺入润滑油将加速轴承磨损。当轴承过度磨损时,叶片甚至会与壳体发生摩擦使转子转速下降,增压器及柴油发动机的性能将迅速恶化,出现功率下降、 黑烟过多、噪声增大以及转子轴两端漏油等现象。Turbochargercommonlyemployedfullfloatingbearing,hasahighrequir ementontheengineoil,shouldbeinaccordancewiththeprovisions,filling, andregularcleaningofoilfilter,keeptheoilclea
11、n,bewareofmud,sandandi mpuritiesadded,ifthereisdirtmixedwithoilwillacceleratethebearingwe ar.Whenbearingexcessivewear,bladesandevenwiththefrictionoftherot orspeedwillbereduced,thesuperchargerandthedieselengineperancewil ldeterioraterapidly,apowerdrop,increasetoomuchsmoke,noiseandthep henomenonsuchas
12、oilleakageonbothendsoftherotorshaft.2 起动后要 充分润滑 2,afterstartingtosufficientlubrication 发动机起动后,机油 到达涡轮轴承需要一定的时间,这时轴承的润滑条件差,所以, 起动后发动机应怠速运转5分钟左右,使润滑油达到一定的温度和压力,以避免突加负荷时轴承润滑不良而加速磨损,甚至出现卡死现象。凡是更换机油、酱油清洗机油滤清器或车辆停放一周以上后,起动前必须从进油口加入少量干净机油,并转动转子,使增压器得到充分的润滑,或在起动前转动曲轴几次,预润滑增压器。Afterstartingengine,oilittakest
13、imetoreachtheturbinebearing,thebearin gslubricationconditionispoor,so,afterstartingtheengineidlespeedshoul dberunforabout5minutes,thelubricatingoilreachesacertaintemperature andpressure,inordertoavoidsuddenload-uppoorlubricationbearingand acceleratewear,appearevenstuckphenomenon.Everyoilchange,clean
14、th eoilfilterorvehicleparkingformorethanaweeklater,beforestartingmustf rominlettojoinasmallamountofcleanengineoil,andturntherotor,thesup erchargergetsufficientlubrication,orrotatethecrankshaftseveraltimes,b eforestartingprelubricatedsupercharger.3. 熄火 前要怠 速降温 3.Toidletocoolbeforeshutdown发动机在高速满负荷运转,
15、或持续 大负荷运转中不可立即停车。如突然停车,增压器转子因惯性还会继续高速旋转,而柴油 发动机停车后润滑系停止工作,增压器轴承部位热量无法通过润 滑油带走,乳化液泵站且得不到充分润滑,很容易使轴承、转子 组件因缺油或过热而损坏。正常使用时应慢慢降低转速和负荷,停车前应怠速运转35分钟。Enginerunningatfullcapacityathighspeed,orcontinuetoimmediatelysto pbigloadoperation.Suchassuddenstop,thesuperchargerrotorduetothehi ghspeedrotationinertiawil
16、lcontinue,anddieselenginelubricationsyste mtostopworkingwhenparking,superchargerbearingpartsbyoilawayhea t,andinadequatelubrication,itiseasytomakebearing,forlackofoilorover heatinganddamageofrotorcomponents.Duringnormaluseshallbeslowl yreducetheenginespeedandload,parkingshouldbeidlerunbefore35mi nutes4 使用中要定期保养 4,theuseofmaintenanceonaregularbasis 定期清洁空气滤清器并检查进气系统是否漏气。若滤清器堵塞,会使进气阻力增大,使压气机入口的空气压 力和流量减少,造成增压器工作效率降低。若进气