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1、初中此刻达成时解说及练习(无)此刻达成时一 组成助动词 have/has + 过去分词例:一定句 I have worked.He has worked.否定句 I have not (havent ) worked.He has not(hasnt )worked .疑问句 Have you worked ?Has he worked ?回复 Yes，I have. / No , I havent .Yes, he has./ No, hehasnt.二 功能及意义1. 表示一个动作发生在过去， 对此刻仍有影响， 但没有详细的过去时间修饰。常由以下副词修饰： ever 以前， never 从
2、不， already 已经，yet 还未，yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中 ，just 刚才， recently，lately 近来，so far 迄今为止 = until now, up to now， before 从前例： Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你以前去过长城吗？I have never heard of such a man我.从没有听闻过那个人。We have just had lunch 我们刚才吃过午餐I have already returned your money我.已经把钱还给你了。第1页/共8页I havent foun
3、d my book yet. 否我还没有找到笔录本Have you done your homework yet?疑 你造作业了吗？Have you heard from him recently ? 你近来收到他的来信了吗？So far, no one has made any mistakes yet迄.今为止还没有人出错误I have never traveled by plane before .我从前素来没有乘飞机旅游过2 表示一个动作发生在过去，向来连续到此刻刚才结束或许仍在连续。经常与以下时间状语连用： for + 一段时间I have learned Englishfor 8
4、years since + 过去的一个时间点I have learned English since 2021 since + 一段时间+ agoI have learned English since 8 years ago since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句I have learned English since I was 5 years old第2页/共8页 in the past/last +时间段We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了 2 次英语考试Great changes have
5、 taken place in my hometown in the past ten years近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。三 连续性动词与短暂性动词的用法此刻达成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是连续性动词，非连续性动词不行和一段时间连用。我走开这所学校已经八年了。误 ： I have left this school for eight years他借用我的字典已经两天了误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days非连续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转变所以中例句正确形式分别为我走开这所学校已经八年了。正 ： I have
6、 been away from this school for eight years他借用我的字典已经两天了第3页/共8页正： He has kept my dictionary for two days其余非连续性动词与时间段连用时的变形buy haveborrow keep,fall asleep be asleepleave be awaybegin be ondie be dead,join be in或 be a member ofreturn be backcome/arrive be inget up be up,marry be marriedcatch a cold hav
7、e a cold在否定句中短暂性动词可与短时间连用I havent gone to see him for several months 我已经好几个月没有去看他了I havent bought anything for two months四 划分have been to +地址 ; 表示去过某个地方已经回来 ，常与ever,never ,几次，等连用have gone to +地址 : 表示到地方去了还没回来have been in+地址：表示到了某个地方多久了 ，常与 for + 段第4页/共8页时间连用比较： He has been to China twice(以前去过 ,此刻不在中
8、国He has gone to China 他到中国去了 .他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，此刻不在这里He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了五 对达成时的发问用how long.? 不可以用 when. ?六 此刻达成经常用句型1 It is the first/second time.that.构造中的从句局部，用此刻达成时It is the first time that I have visited the city这是我第一次观光这座城市It is the third time that the boy has been l
9、ate这是这个男生第三次迟到了2 This is the. that. 构造， that 从句要用此刻达成时This is the best film that I ve (ever) seen这是我看过的最好的电影This is the first time that Ive heard him sing这是我第一次听他唱歌第5页/共8页3 It is / It has been + 时间段 + since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自从前一次我们相碰到此刻已经是五年了Its / It has been 3 months sinc
10、e the man died那人逝世 3 个月了4 一段时间 + 达成时构造 + since 指引的时间状语从句Two years has passed since I came here.七 此刻达成时和一般过去时的差别此刻达成时表示过去发生的某一动作对此刻造成的影响或结果， 重申的是此刻的状况，所以它不可以和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2021等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态， 和此刻不发生联系， 它能够和表示过去的时间状语连用I have seen the film 我看过这部电影我认识这部电影的
11、内容I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影只说明上礼拜1._ you _(clean) the room?Yes, we _(do) that already.When _ you _(do) it?We _(do) it an hour ago.第6页/共8页2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes，he has.When _ he _(see) it?He _ it last week.3. How many times _you_(be) there?4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interes
12、ting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there?She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop)their softwareprograms.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.采用 for 和 since 填空 :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Pa
