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1、 八年级讲义Helping those in need必记单词：raise,permission,disabled,offer,serious,organize,lonely,difficulty,hurt,pay常考短语：in need, voluntary work,ask permission,suffer from,raise ones spirits, in order to, so that, make friends with, look after, because ofReading1 What do you know about.? 关于.你知道什么？What do you
2、 know about computer? 2 I talk to children without parents.Talk to.与.交谈 talk with.与.交谈 talk about.谈论.My teacher often talks to me and helps me.She is talking with a friend.Please talk about the picture.Without 介词，没有，不，表示伴随。Can you finish your homework without my help?He left the classroom without sa
3、ying a word.3 I help sick children.Sick&illSick作表语意为“生病的，恶心的”His wife was sick in bed with a cold. 他妻子因感冒而卧床。作定语意为“生病的”Jane is taking care of her sick mother. Ill作表语意为”生病的“She has been ill for about a month.作定语意为”坏的The ill boy loves playing tricks on his elder sister.4 I taught disabled children to
4、sing. Teach so to do 教某人做某事。5 Three teenagers of fered to do some voluntary work during the school holiday?Offer的用法Offer sth提出某事He offered a good plan for our holiday.Offer to do sth(主动）提出做.Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.Offer sb. Sth/ offer sth to sb(主动）给某人提供某物We should offer others our
5、 help.During&in&forDuring用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生时，强调动作或状态的持续性。During those three months he asked a lot of question.In 一般情况下可与during 互换，但是表示某一动作发生在某一时间段内时，用in We usually take a holiday in July.For用于某事持续多久时间Tom was in school for only three months.例：welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time _your sta
6、y here.A after B during C with D since6 The children there all suffer from serious illness.Suffer from 因某事而受苦，无被动语态。Serious adj. 严重的，严肃的 seriously adv. 严重地，严肃地7 I met a girl called Cindy.Called Cindy= named Cindy过去分词（短语）做定语，放在被修饰词的后面。相当于一个定语从句。I like the songs sung by Liu Huan.I like the books writt
7、en by Lu Xun.= I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.例： -What are on show in the museum?- Some photos _-by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.A have been taken B were taken C are taken D taken8 There are many children without parents.There be句型中的主谓一致遵循就近原则。当有几个并列主语时，be动词的形式通常要和最近的主语保持一致。例：There i
8、s a pen and two books on the desk.There are two boys and a teacher over there.There _many trees in front of my house now.A is B are C was D were9 talk& speak&tell&sayTell告诉，讲述表示把某件事或某条信息传达给别人，也可用于：tell story,tell joke,tell lieTalk交谈，谈话Talk to/with/aboutSpeak说，发言常用来指说某种语言，或发言Say说强调说的内容，他的后面或前面往往有说话的内
9、容。He likes to tell jokes.He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.Please talk to him right now.He can speak English and a little Chinese.Can you say it in English once more?10 This helps them express their feelings.help sb.(to) to sth.=help sb with sthHelp oneself to.随便吃Cant help doing 禁不住.Express
10、及物动词 表达，表露 expression 名词，表达，表示11 spend&take&cost&paySpend花费，度过，消磨Sb. Spend money/time (in) doing sth; sb. Spend money/time on sthTake花费It/sth. Takes/took sbs time to doCost花费It/sth. Cost sbs money to doPay付款，付钱Sb .pay .for.例：-Do you often get online?- Yes, I _ lots of time on it. Its a good way to k
11、ill time. A cost B spend C take D use12 Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.Die 不及物动词。 现在分词：dying, 形容词：dead, 名词：death英语中表示否定的前缀：un-, in-,im-,ir-.dis-等.有的形容词加上前缀或后缀就变成相应的反义词，这种构词法叫词缀法或派生词。1) 大部分形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。 Able-unable friendly-unfriendly2) 以c或e开头的 形容词通常加in-构成反义词
12、。 Correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive3) 以p开头的的形容词通常加im-构成反义词 Possible-impossible polite- impolite4) 以r开头的形容词通常加ir-构成反义词 Regular-irregular 5) 有些形容词加dis-构成反义词 Honest-dishonest 注意：否定前缀之否定单词不否定句子。Lonely& aloneLonelyAdj.表语孤独的，寂寞的主观感受定语偏僻的，荒凉的AloneAdj.表语孤单的，孤独的客观情况Adv.状语孤单地，独自地I was travelling alone i
13、n the lonely mountain. I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自行走在荒凉的山里。虽孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。例: Though his grandpa lives _, he never feels _. A alone, alone B lonely, lonely, C alone, lonely D lonely, alone13 She needs friendship.need情态动词Need do 实意动词Need to do；need doing 表示被动14 They have difficulty walk
14、ing or moving. Have difficulty (in) doing sth. Have trouble (in) doing sth. Have problems (in) doing sth. Have fun (in) doing sth.例：-I have great _in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me? -No problem. A fun B success C advice D difficulty15 likeLike动词Like doing/ like to do介词Look like, sound like, feel like doing sth,想做.16 I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. In the future 在将来 in future 从今以后=from now on17 A person with courage is usually not afraid
