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1、动词不定式和分词动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独做谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有时态和语态的变化即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；主动语态和被动语态。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等。（一） 不定式的时态和语态 主动式 被动式一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 无完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing 无1、一
2、般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主句谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi.We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.2、进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.
3、3、完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.4、完成进行式不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直进行着。Im sorry to have been interrupting you.He is said to have been living in London for twenty years.5、被动形式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形
4、式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成式两种。Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.The example appeared to have been mentioned for many times.6、否定形式不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。We ask him not to be a volunteer.Never to have made any mistakes is impossible.（二）不定式的用法动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。1、作主语
5、当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。To say something is one thing; to do is another.To concern the disabled is our duty.当动词不定式在句中作主语时，通常使用it作形式主语放于句首而真正主语则放在最后，以使句子保持平衡。It is not easy to master a foreign language.2、作表语His task is to teach the workers how to use the machine.His temperature seems to be all right.3、作
6、宾语及物动词ask, agree, beg, care, choose, decide, expect, force, fail, hesitate, claim, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。We managed to get to the airport in time.4、作宾语补足语Would you like me to help you?I advise you not to eat fruit that isnt ripe in future.5
7、、作定语The next test to have was English.There is a warm room to live in.6、作状语They run over to welcome us.What have I said to make you so sad?高考名题诠释：1、I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NEMT, 97)A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. to have been gon
8、e2、Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01, 上海高考)A. to tell B. to be hold C. to be telling D. to have been told3、Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. (01, 上海高考) A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit4、Having a trip abroad is certainly goo
9、d for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NEMT, 2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5、Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (NEMT, 99)A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying6、The missing boy was last
10、 seen _ near the river. (00, 上海高考)A. to playing B. playing C. to be playing D. to have played7、- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?- _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting8、Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers
11、_ a bicycle.A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding9、Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10、With so many things _ , the manager feels really puzzled. A. being settled B. settled C. to settle D. having settled11、Mor
12、e efforts should be made _ our country stronger. A. making B. of making C. to make D. make12、The driver turned his car sharply to the left to give the way to the running bull only _ a tree by the road A. to knock into B. knocking down C. to knock at D. Knocked over13、_ late in the morning, Bob turne
13、d off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept14、Zhang Hong is said _ by heart 2000 words up to now. A. that she has learned B. to have learned C. to learn D. having learned15、As a senior student, I am determined to work harder in order to _ the desired university. A. admit by B.
14、be admitted by C. admit into D. be admitted into16、What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday _ her dead on her bed.A. to find B. finding C. found D. find17、The accident is said _ the drivers careless driving and the thick fog.A. to have been resulted in B. to result from C. having resulted in D. to ha
