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1、直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习Unit1语法核心突破:直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1. 陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例：Hesaid,“Imveryglad.”Hesaidhewasveryglad.2. 一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?
2、”HeaskedJohncouldcomethatafternoon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when，why,where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例:Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?” HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.Tomsaystome,“whatfooddoyoulikebest.”TomasksmefoodIlikebest4.祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/tell/ordersb（not）todosth。Ourparentstoldus“LearnEnglishwell!我们的父”母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！”Ourparentsto
3、ldusEnglishwell.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。Theteachersaidtome,“Dontreadthatnovel!”Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdowrong!父母告诉”我们：“不要做错事！”Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。2二、人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则例如：“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday,Li”Huasaid.LiHuasaidthathehadgone
4、totheGreatWallthedaybefore.“Illcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp,”heansweredher. Heansweredherthathewouldcometohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.Shesaidtome,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.” Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化一般现在时
5、一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时例句Shesaid,“Ineedacalculator.” Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator.Jimsaid,“Imexpectingalongdistancecall.” Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.Nancysaid,“Illcallaglaterin.” Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.” Hesaid
6、thathehadtakenithomewithhim.Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.” Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.” Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.3四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指Shesaid,“Sheiscomingthisweek.”thisthatShesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.示代Hesaid,“
7、Thesebooksaremine.”thesethoseHesaidthosebookswerehis.词nowthenHesaid,“Itstenoclocknow.”Hesaidthatitwastenoclockthen.todaythatdayHesaid,“Ihaventseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.时tonightthatnightShesaid,“Illcomeagaintonight.”Shesaidthatshewouldgoagainthatnight.间Hesaid,“Thishappenedyesterda
8、y.”yesterdaythedaybeforeHesaidthatthishadhappenedtheday状before.ThreedaysagothreedaysShesaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”beforeShesaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore.语tomorrowthenextdayShesaid,I”“llbebacktomorrow.”thefollowingdayShesaidthathewouldbebackthenextday.nextweekthenextweekShesaid,“Illdoitnextweek.”
9、Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextweek.地点Shesaid,Icame“heretoseeTom.”herethereShesaidthathehadgonetheretoseeTom.状语动Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”come/bringgo/takeHesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.词【拓展延伸】4直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：Hesays,“Imtired.” Hesaysthatheistired.Hewillsay,“Theboyw
10、aslazy.” Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.” Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.” Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.【典型例题】（1）Canyoutellme_?A.whatthematt
11、erisB.whatmatteritisC.whatsthematterD.thematteriswhat（2）Thephysicsteachersaidtheearth_aroundthesun.A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves【语法专练】1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid_withhiscar.A.whatthematterB.WhatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter2.Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathe_visitthenextday.A.wasgo
12、ingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto3.Theteachertoldusthatlight_fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels4.Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathe_bornin1968.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen5.LindaaskedAmy_shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem.5A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how6.Mybrothersaidtome,“Imgoingtoh
13、aveaholidaynextweek.”Mybrother_goingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.7.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”Motheraskedme_intheroom.8.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”Heasked_borrowmybike9.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”Tomaskedme_football10.Shesaidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”Shetoldme_overherless
14、onsthenightbefore.附：UnitI短语归纳1. 做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend2. 做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey3. 合计总分addupthescore4. 得分getpoints5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6. 不理睬铃声ignorethebell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend8. 关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)9. 松开了getloose10. 不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors11. 帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12. 列出理由makeali
