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1、Since 和 for 的用法及区别: 一,since 的四种用法 1,since + 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six I have been here since 1990. 1990起,我一直在这儿。 2,since+ 一段时间+ago I have been here since five months ago。自从五个月前,我已经在这儿了。 3,since+从句Great Changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后,已经发生了很大的变化。 4,It
2、 is +一段时间+since从句It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成为英语老师有两年了。 二,Since 和for区别1,Since +时间点,具体时间“自从、以来,从、以后” 用来说明动作起始时间I have been in Beijing since 2010. 2,For + 时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度,因此句中的谓语动词,也应该是延续性动词。I have been in Beijing for one year。We have learnt English for about three years. I h
3、ave been here for 3 days. (对) I have arrived here for 3 days.(误) 三,延续性动词和终止 性动词的概念 英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词 也称 非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结
4、束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。四、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如
5、:It raind at eight yesterday morning . (误) rain为 延 续 性 动 词 ,而 at eight表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作,可借助come begin get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats righ
6、t. 五、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗? 2.终 止 性 动 词表 示 的 动 作 极 其 短 暂 , 不 能 持 续。因此,不 可 与 表 示 一 段 时 间 的 状 语用(只限肯定式)。如:(1)他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago
7、. 正:It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。误:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. 句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方
8、式。下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。练习:用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6)
9、 _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about
10、ten years _ she left the city.2.短暂性转换延续性arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _
11、_ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river be
12、came dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _