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1、2021-2022学年高中英语 WELCOME UNIT突破 语法大冲关学案新人教版必修第一册2021-2022学年高中英语 WELCOME UNIT突破 语法大冲关学案新人教版必修第一册年级：姓名：WELCOME UNIT句子成分和基本句型组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。不同句子成分构成不同的句型。本单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型。观察例句1A boy meets a girl during a break.2The class was difficult.3He even told us
2、 a funny story.4I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.归纳用法一、句子成分成分意义位置主语S(subject)句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出位于句首谓语V(verb)表示主语的行为或状态，是句子的灵魂、核心主语之后宾语O(object)表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者动词或介词后直接宾语DO(direct object)表示动作的承受者，一般是物动词后间接宾语IO(indirect object)表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人动词后表语P(predicat
3、ive)用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等系动词后定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征名词或代词前宾语补足语OC(object complement)补充说明宾语的动作或状态宾语后状语A(adverbial)说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度位置灵活即学即练1标出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC)I will return you the book tomorrow. .I found the film interesting. .She is beautiful and smart. .He offered me a job
4、 yesterday. .The English class begins at eight oclock. .二、八种基本句型1主谓结构(SV)：主语谓语(不及物动词)这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise，matter，begin，come，go，happen，last，appear，work，come true，take place等。Class | begins.开始上课。A Chinese painting exhibition | will take place.一个中国
5、画展将要举办。2主谓宾结构(SVO)：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。The students | have known | the answer.学生们已经知道了答案。Some schools | dont have | a uniform policy.有些学校没有校服政策。即学即练2分析句子成分/翻译句子The writing class had just begun. .They laughed. .我们学校将举办一次运动会。Our_school_will_hold_a_spor
6、ts_meeting.我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。My_hobbies_include_travelling_and_swimming.3主系表结构(SP)：主语系动词表语这种句型中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)，变化系动词(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)，持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay)，表象系动词(seem/appear/look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。She | is | an Engl
7、ish teacher.她是一名英语老师。The food | smells | delicious.这食物闻起来很香。4主谓宾宾结构(SVIODO)：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy，fetch，save，choose，si
8、ng等。It | gives | her | a sense of duty.这给她责任感。The president | showed | me | her daughters pictures.总统给我看了她女儿的照片。即学即练3分析句子成分/翻译句子All of them were amazed. .These suggestions are of great help. .你最好给你的朋友买一些小礼物。Youd_better_buy_your_friends_some_small_gifts.你能借给我那本书吗？Can_you_lend_me_that_book?5主谓宾宾补结构(SV
9、OOC)：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该句式常用于三类动词：使役动词keep，make，let，have，leave，get等；感官动词或短语see，watch，notice，observe，find，catch，look at，listen to，hear，feel，smell等；ask，tell，order，request，permit，persuade等。They | usually keep | the door | open.他们通常把门开着。My teacher | had | me | standing all
10、the morning.我的老师让我站了一整个上午。6主谓状(SVA)：主语谓语状语该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。The children | stayed | in the room.孩子们待在房间里。His parents | have worked | in the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。即学即练4分析句子成分/完成句子The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week. and .Hopefully，you can tak
11、e part.， .We must keep our_school_clean(我们的学校干净)He asked me_to_come_back(我回来) soon.7主谓宾状(SVOA)：主语谓语宾语状语该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。The man | raised | his arms | above his head.那个人把手臂举过头顶。The girl | enjoys | reading | in the morning.这个女孩喜欢早上读书。8There be句型There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。基本结构是：There
12、is/are/was/were.地点状语。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live，stand，lie，seem/appear to be(好像有)，happen to be(碰巧有)，used to be(曾经有)等。There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过。即学即练5完成句子There_are_too_many_cars on the road.路上的汽车太多了。There_will_be
13、more serious air pollution.空气污染将会更严重。分析句子成分They know us very well. .He refused to help them at last. .指出下列句子中画线部分所做的句子成分1The_students got on the school bus.主语；定语2He handed me the newspaper.间接宾语3I shall_answer your question after_class.谓语；状语4What a beautiful Chinese painting！定语5They went hunting toge
14、ther early_in_the_morning.状语6His job is to_train_swimmers.定语；表语7He took many_photos_of_the_palaces in_Beijing.宾语；状语8There is_going_to_be an_American_film tonight.谓语；主语9He is to_leave_for_Shanghai tomorrow.表语10His_wish is to_become_a_scientist.主语；表语.判断基本句型Once upon a time，there lived three monks in a
15、 small temple.And they never agreed with one another.One autumn night there were thousands of stars in the sky.A monk was sitting on a rock，holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the stars.This surprised the other two monks.“What a fool you are！”said the second monk.How can you catch a star with such a short
