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1、三把钥匙揭密非谓语动词济源四中英语组 杨艳霞非谓语动词始终是中学英语教学的重头戏，亦是历届高考单项填空和改错试题中不可或缺的一部分。2007 年高考全国各地18套试题中，考查非谓语动词的多达31小题，绝大多数试题中2个小题，全国卷4小题和上海卷中3个小题，直接考查了非谓语用法。可见非谓语在高考试题中的举足之位。纵览近几年试题，不难发现各地试题对非谓语考查的点阵布局：对作主语、表语的非谓语用法考查较少，而对作宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和分词独立主格的考查较多，2007年18套试题共4小题考察了分词独立主格。2007 年非谓语动词试题难度适中，没有太多结构复杂、句意难懂的长句子，更多采用了富于交
2、际给人以亲切感的鲜活语言，一改传统试题生搬硬套的语法之味道。我们预测，2008年高考对非谓语动词考查的比重、难度、风格等和2007年相比不会有太大差别。 解题钥匙钥匙一表示主动、进行用ing，表示被动、完成用ed，表示将来用不定式。【例1】2007福建 26.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled【解析】句意：脑子中装着这么多工作
3、，我几乎累垮了。很多考生会误选A项，因受类似于The room was filled with smoke句式的影响，却不知可以这样说Smoke filled the room；filling由much work发出属主动关系，且体现工作一直装在脑子中这一进行状态。C项表示将来，D项表示被动进行，均不符合句意要求。【答案】B【例2】2007上海36. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completed C.
4、 completed D. being completed【解析】因the Town Hall 已被建成，故不少考生满有理由地选择B项，误以为C项不足以表达完成之意；having been done 和时段连用可作非限制性后置定语，如The problem ,having been discussed for years, has been solved。A项和D项分别表示将来和进行，与句中过去时间矛盾，没有建成之意。【答案】C规律小结 首先掌握非谓语动词的基本语法功能。在成份上，非谓语动词大都可在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语，过去分词一般不作主语和宾语。分词的完成式即ha
5、ving done和having been done一般只作状语，不作定语，如果作定语仅作非限制性后置定语。在时态上，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成，不定式一般意味着将来；在概念上，动名词表示抽象、经常和习惯，不定时表示具体、偶然和将来。钥匙二交际是目的，句意是关键，非谓语动词的时态、语态变化最终由句意来敲定。【例3】2007浙江20. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having drive
6、n 【解析】句意：由于（市场）需求大量的蔬菜，农民已增建了更多的温室大棚。drive意为“驱使、迫使” , 原句可转化为As they are driven by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses。尽管drive动作发生在过去，现在仍起作用，但不强调进行，只强调原因，故舍去B项。我们不妨联想Given more time, Ill do the work better，分词短语作状语时，一般用done不用being done，这是学生学习分词时的一个难点,总是误以为不用be的某种形式便不足
7、以表示被动。C、D项表主动，不符合被动要求。【答案】A【例4】（2007陕西）15. _ that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her.A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 【解析】句意：我说他工作做的不好，并不是说我比他更能干。该题主要考查分词的时态，根据that she didnt do a good job可判断已经说过，A、C、D项不表完成，故不选。【答案】B规律小结理解非谓语动词的变形即时态、语态、否定变化等。时态变化的参照物是句子主要谓语动
8、词的时态，非谓语动词与谓语动词同步发生时用一般式，先于谓语动词时用完成式，强调在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行就用进行式。非谓语动词的语态由和句子主语的关系决定，非谓语动词的动作由主语发出用主动语态，由主语承受用被动语态。非谓语动词的否定式一律在其前加not,仅警示语用no doing格式。钥匙三 常规知识要储存，书到用时不恨少。【例5】（2007江苏）28. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here.A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking【解析】allow有两种用法：allo
9、w sb to do 和allow doing，所以此题正确选项为D。【答案】D规律小结考生要想顺利圆满地完成高考中非谓语类试题，必须通过反复训练强化记忆非谓语动词的搭配习惯，关注以下几方面的内容。与不定式连用的主要动词：afford to do类，request sb to do类，prove sth sthto be adj.类，wait for sbsthto do类,have do类，heardo类，find it adj. to do类。与-ing连用的主要动词：finish doing类，look forward to doing类，waste time doing类。allow
10、sb to do 和allow doing类。与-ing和不定式连用意义区别较大的一类动词：remember, forget, regret, try, stop, cant help, mean, need, want, requirewith sbsthdoingdone分词独立主格结构，这一版块切不可忽视，因它是学习的难点，也是今年考题的热点。熟记作状语的分词短语generally speaking、judging from, 作状语的不定式短语to tell the truth、 to begin with, 具有连词功能的分词given that考虑到, 鉴于, supposesup
11、posingthat假设,设想另外, 呼应法是做题的又一捷径,请观察下列句子中的非谓语的呼应。例一Fishing is his favorite hobby and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. 例二Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. 例三They see you as something of a worrier, designing problems which dont exist and crossing bridges long before you com
12、e to them. 考点警示 做好该类试题的技巧：分析句子成份，抓准结构复杂句子的主语和谓语，确定非谓语动词的语法功能。根据非谓语动词与句子主语、其逻辑主语的关系, 决定非谓语动词的语态;再根据非谓语动词与句子谓语的时间关系，决定非谓语动词的时态。将空缺的非谓语转化为相应的从句，或将省略结构补全,进一步确定非谓语动词的时态和语态。将所选非谓语动词形式置入句中，确保句意通达，逻辑关系不矛盾。句法必须服务于句意，上述【例3】、【例4】便是最有力地说明。祝08考生金榜题名！ 同步训练 1.07全国I25. -The last one _ pays the meal. -Agreed!A. arri
13、ved B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 2.07全国I 28. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withB. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with3.2007全国I 29. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a m
14、inute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt4.2007全国II 12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being openedandclosed D. to open and close5.2007天津 6.The glass doors have taken the place of th
15、e wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let6.2007上海34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call7.2007山东 26Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete
