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1、2022年高考英语语法讲解宾语从句宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导：1. that引导We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he
2、 was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。2. whether / if引导I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。I ask
3、ed her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。3. 连接代词引导I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指谁。Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。IIl do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的
4、事。You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。4.
5、 连接副词引导He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。We didnt know
6、why he had answered in that fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。3. 关系代词what引导She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。He could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。They did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他们以为他们
7、可以对他为所欲为。【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)：From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句，它们的意思不一样：He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。宾语从
8、句的时态当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在一个西方的国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.从句过去完成时
9、表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes
10、around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.同位语从句和定语从句的主要区别1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often di
11、scussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is i
12、n the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The ne
13、ws that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased
14、的主语?)3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也
15、不能用which来代替如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)The order 焧hat we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
