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1、定义将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。构成wil l/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+have+完成式用于其他 人称。实例a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的 动作或已获得的经验。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by th
2、is time tomorrow.将来完成时的构成将来完成时的构成是由shall/will + have +过去分词构成的。Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?到下个月你认识 凯文该有10年了吧？将来完成时的用
3、法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产 生影响。We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于must have done结构。You will have heard of this, I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了。I am sure he will have g
4、ot the information.我相信他一定得到了这个信息 表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间we will have been married a year on june 25th 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的 是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式 来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基 于自己的主观想
5、法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在非真实条件状语从句中的 用法真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。eg：If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过 巴士。（真实）If he is free, he will ask me to t ell st ories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实
6、，虚拟语气）If t here were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：主语+过去时主句： 主语 +should/would/could/might+do例：I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）there were no air or water, th
7、ere would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：主语+had done主句： 主语 +should/would/could/might+have done例：1. If I had g
8、otten t here earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）he had t aken my advice, he would not have made such a mis take.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：if+主语 +were to do 主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+do if+主语 +did/were 主语 +should/would/could/might+do if+主语 +shoul
9、d+do 主语 +should/would/could/might+do例：he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会
10、告诉她这件事的始末。4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时， 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he wer
11、e free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had时，辻可以省略，这时 条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she
12、 here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上 下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在 短语中，如without., but for.等如:But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工
13、作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种 强烈的感情。 省略从句He would have finished it.他本该完成了。You could have passed t his
14、exam.你应该能通过这次考试了。 省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）的其他用法用在wish后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比不上你）b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+doneeg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matt er.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（
15、事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would +动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）（注：辻only和as if/as though也有相同用法）用在目的状语从句中1. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓 语为：should +动词原形。并且should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/ may / could / might / w订l / would / should + 动
