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1、 2022四级考试翻译练习六Directions: Read the underlined sentences carefully, and then translate them into Chinese. You may check your answers after you finish them.Passage OneWater on the earth is being recycled continuously in a process known as the hydrologic （水） cycle. The first step of the cycle is the ev
2、aporation of water in the oceans. Evaporation is the process of water turning into vapor, which then forms clouds in the sky. The second step is the water returning to the earth in the form of precipitation (降水) ：either rain, snow or ice. When the water returning to the earths surface, it runs off i
3、nto the rivers, lakes, and the ocean, where the cycle begins again.Not all water, however, stays on the surface of the earth in the hydrologic（水）cycle. Some of it sinks slowly into the ground through infiltration (渗透) and collects under the earths surface as groundwater. This groundwater is extremel
4、y important to life on earth, since 95 percent of the earths water is in the oceans and is too salty for human beings or plants. Of the 5 percent on land, only .05 percent is above ground in rivers or lakes. The rest is underground water. This underground water is plentiful and dependable, because i
5、t doesnt depend on seasonal rain or snow. It is the major source of water for many cities. But as the population increases and the need for water also increases, the groundwater in some areas is getting dangerously low. Added to this problem is an increasing amount of pollution that seeps into the g
6、roundwater. In the future, with a growing population and more poisonous waste, the hydrologic cycle we depend on could become dangerously unbalanced.Passage TwoAdvertising in America offers some great advantages to consumers. For example, in order to keep prices low through mass production, companie
7、s must have a mass market for their products. Mass advertising creates mass markets. Producers cannot afford to develop new products, put them on the market and wait for customers to discover them. This would take too long. Demand for some products must be created. This is done through advertising.B
8、ut advertising sometimes makes it difficult for consumers to make wise decisions. The fact is that when people are constantly flooded with messages through the mass media（群众媒体）persuading them to buy particular products, many respond by buying them.Advertising is designed to influence an individual t
9、o buy a product. Sellers often study human behavior to discover what will convince consumers to buy a certain item. This reason for buying is called a buying motive.Buying motives are usually broken down into two categories: rational and emotional. Rational buying motives include the desire to save
10、money, the desire for comfort, or the desire for good workmanship. Emotional buying motives include buying out of fear, wanting to be liked, and wanting to have something better than your friends have.Emotional appeals are found in most consumer advertising today. Certain cars promise to make the dr
11、iver feel “younger” and “ freer”. Shoes promise to make the buyers whole life “springier”. Life insurance policies promise to take the “care out of living”.Most consumers believe that they are not easily influenced by emotional appeals. However, corporations that sell consumer products obviously thi
12、nk differently. They spend may millions of dollars every day on radio, television, newspaper and magazine ads that use these appeals.Passage ThreeWe find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel th
13、at there are many disadvantages in streaming（把按力量分班）pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides,
14、it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, an
15、d we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this give them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal
16、 problems as well as how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some library, and we teach them the skills t
