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1、定语从句一、含义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句二、关系代词1）关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。2）关系代词that, which, whom在一般情况下可以省略。做主语时不能省略做动词宾语可省，做介词宾语不可省略。1. who指人，在定语从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。I know about the man who spoke to you just now.The man (who) we invited to the party is Professor Smi
2、th.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，口语中也可用who代替。Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for.3. whose可修饰人也可修饰物，在定语从句中作定语。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.指物时：whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom.The room whose windows face south is mine.= The room the windows of which face south i
3、s mine.4. which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。China is a country which has a long history.5. that既指人也可指物，从句中作主语、宾语或表语，可代替who, whom, which，但习惯上常用who, whom指人，用which指物。The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.三、只能用that不用which的情况1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best book (that) I have ev
4、er read.2. 先行词是不定代词all, little, much, everything等。如：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。3. 先行词被any, every, no, one of, the only, the right, last, just等词修饰。 Are there any questions that trouble you much?4. 先行词既指人又指物时。 They talked about the schools and teachers that t
5、hey had visited.5. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there.6. 关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。 Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.7. 先行词前有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。 This is the same bike that I lost two weeks ago.四、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。1. 当关系代词前有介词时。This is the
6、 house in which he once lived.2. 代替句子一部分或全部。She studies hard at school, which makes her parents happy.五、只能用who不能用that引导定语从句的情况。1. 先行词指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, anybody等All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.2. 先行词是those且指人时。Those who want to go to the cinema wil
7、l have to wait at the gate of the school.3. 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young lady who asks for you.七、关系副词when/where/why代替先行词在定语从句中充当状语。1. when表时间，先行词是时间名词，如time, day, hour, year等。I cant forget the night when I came to the farm.2. where表地点，先行词是地点名词，如place, factory, house, village等。The factory whe
8、re his father works is in the west of the city.3. why表原因，先行词是reason.This is the reason why he left early.初中定语从句练习题1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what3. The man _ lives next to us
9、is my English teacher. A. whomB. which C. whoD. /4. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who5. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C
10、. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book _the
11、other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer _my fath
12、er works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14. The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door15.
13、I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. whichC. that D. where16. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. that C. what D. whatever17. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A.
14、which B. whomC. thatD. who18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. with whom I wentB. I went with C. with who I wentD. I went with him19. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there20. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the scho
15、ol.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23. Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who; / B. /; whom C. whom; / D. /; who24. I lost a book,
