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1、名称形式意义例句一般式doing与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生The professor came in, following the headmaster.教授跟着校长进来了。 现在分词的被动形式being done强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生The question being discussed is very important. 现在正讨论的问题很重要。现在分词的完成式having done分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前Having studied the map, I know which way to go.仔细看完地图后，
2、我知道该走哪条路了。现在分词的完成被动式having been done分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系Having been scolded many times by the boss, he decided to leave.被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。现在分词用法与高考题练习 一、现在分词的各种形式及意二、现在分词的语法功能1. 作定语（通常表示主动或进行） 单个的现在分词充当前置定语(放在所修饰的词前面)，分词短语充当后置定语(放在所修饰的词的后面)。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。 The swimming boy is my el
3、der brother. (表主动和进行)正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise. (表主动和进行)告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。They stayed at the hotel standing by the lake. (表主动和状态)他们下榻在一家位于湖边的宾馆。 注意：(1)在一些固定搭配或用法中，现在分词短语要做后置定语，如：This is Mike speaking. Let the matter rest for the time being. 这时暂时放一下。 The wind
4、 blew hard for several days running. 连日刮大风。(running常置于数字和year, day或time等名词后，表示同样的事一再重复。主意跟running water的区别)(2)现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，并且可以转换成一个定语从句。The swimming boy is my elder brother. = The boy who is swimming is my elder brother.They stayed at the hotel standing by the lake. = They stayed a
5、t a hotel that stayed by the lake. (3)动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用、用途等，如：a moving truck 正在移动的汽车 a moving-truck 搬家汽车a hunting dog 正在打猎的狗 a hunting-dog 猎狗2. 作表语 现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be, get, be, come, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等后面。 The story sound
6、s interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。 The news was disappointing.这个消息令人失望。 注意： (1)现在分词作表语时，主语也可能是人，如： He appears forbidding. 他好像令人生畏。（说明主语的性质） She is not so beautiful as charming. 与其说她美，不如说她迷人。 (2)主语是物时，也可能用过去分词作表语，如： The empire is fallen. 帝国沦亡了。(说明主语的状态)(3)动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。 Your task is cleaning t
7、he windows.（=Cleaning the windows is your task.）你的任务是擦窗户。3. 作补足语(1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的主动意义。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。(2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，
8、这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。She was heard singing an English song yesterday. 昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。 注意： (1)make后面的宾语补足语只能用过去分词，不能用现在分词，例如：He couldnt make himself believed. 他不能让别人相信他。A statesman can make his influence felt through his speech a
9、nd action. 政客可以通过语言和行动让别人感受其影响。(2)set后的宾语补语通常是现在分词，不用过去分词，如： Her words set me thinking deeply. 她的话让我陷入了深思。(3)注意感觉、感官动词后现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别: I saw a soldier getting on the train. 我看到一名士兵正在上火车。（动作未完成） I saw a soldier get on the train. 我看到一名士兵上了火车。（动作已完成） She heard the door slamming. 她听见门砰砰作响。（反复的动作） She
10、 heard the door slam. 她听见门砰一声关上了。（一次性动作，已完成）4. 作状语 现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。(1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。 Be careful when crossing the road.（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.）过马路时小心点。 Having turned off the TV, he began to do his homework.关掉电视后，他开始
11、做家庭作业。 （=After he had turned off the TV, he began to do his homework.）(2) 表示原因 Being so excited, she couldnt go to sleep.(=Because she was so excited, she couldnt go to sleep.) 因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。 Not having received his reply，she decided to make a call to him.（=Because she hadnt received his reply, she
12、decided to make a call to him.因为没有收到他的回信，她决定给他打个电话。(3) 表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。 The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand. (=The teacher came into the classroom and held a book in his hand.) 老师手拿一本书走进教室。 He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room)他跑进屋来。(4)
13、表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus, thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。 The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay. (=The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay.) 汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。 The old sc
14、ientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. (=The old scientist died all of a sudden, and left the project unfinished.) 那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。 He turned off the lamp, (thereby) seeing nothing. (=He turned off the lamp, thereby he saw nothing.) 他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。 A number of new machines wer
15、e introduced from abroad, thus resulting in an increase in production. (=A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, which resulted in an increase in production.) 大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。(5 ) 表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard, youll succeed. (=If you work hard，youll succeed.) 努力工作，你就会成功。(6) 表示让步，常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。 Though feeling tired, Billy he didnt stop working.(=Though Billy felt tired, he didnt stop working. 尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工
