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1、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why主语从句一、主语从句的概念与类型主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, which
2、ever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.例如:That she was chosen made us very happy.她当选了使我们很高兴.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题.Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.Whoever comes to the party w
3、ill receive a present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.When they will start has not been decided yet.他们何时出发还没决定.注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况
4、.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is possible that.很可能It is unlikely that.不可能2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that.似乎It happened that.碰巧3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.据信;人们相信It is suggested
5、that.有人建议It must be pointed out that.必须指出It has been proved that.已证明.例如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开.Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five w
6、ere hurt badly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.巩固练习1. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for3. _ is a fact that E
7、nglish is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1)引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that.,常译成所的(东西、事情、话等.);而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:What is done cant be undone.
8、 (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.巩固练习4. _ what they told me
9、 really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have5. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that6. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. W
10、hat; because D. Why; that7. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which9. -What ma
11、de her parents so angry?- _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That2)引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知. Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是
12、养鹅仍没决定.=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.巩固练习10. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3)其它引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词wh
13、en,where, why, how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.巩固练习11. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if12. It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days of
14、f?A. why B. when C. what D. where14. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which三、语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形,表虚似语气.例如:It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.这个问题必须马上解决.Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.巩固练习15. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master四、以it作形式主语的主
