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1、初中英语被动语态专项讲解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)各种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：amisare及物动词的过去分词Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：waswere及物动词的过去分词Eg：This house was
2、 built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：willshall be及物动词的过去分词Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：amisare being及物动词的过去分词.Eg：A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this cit5.过去进行时：was/were
3、being及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year.6.现在完成时：havehas been及物动词的过去分词Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg：A new school had been set u
4、p by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.4.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。Eg： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. It sho
5、uld be done at once.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.六可与被动语态连用的介词在被动语态的句子中，常用介词by引出动作的发出者，实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多。1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于被用于做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用
6、介词withEg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife . 2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作为(发生)”应用介词as （be used as 被作为使用）Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.4.在be well-known 后应用介词to，表示“被所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义1).be made
7、in 表示“在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由制成的”，但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料， be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.This table is made of wood . 2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3).be made by 由（人）制造的Eg：The cake is made by my mother .4).be made into 表示“被制成.” make
8、 into 把制成（主动形式）Eg：Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。5）.be made after 表示“仿照.制成”Eg：This machine is made after theirs .这台机器是仿照他们的机器制成的。6).be made up of 表示“由.组成”Eg：Our class is made up of fifty students .七不可用于被动语态的情况1.当谓语动词是表示静态的及物动词（短语）时（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to）不可用于被动语态。Eg:H
9、ow long did the meeting last ?2.当谓语动词是look ,become ,get ,turn等连系动词，其后的成分多为形容词或名词词组作表语时。 Eg：he looks fine .在英语中，主动意义用主动语态表示，被动意义用被动语态表示。但在以下几种情况下，被动意义却用主动语态来表示：一少数动词，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，可用一般时态的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语大多为事物。常见的有：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，te
10、ar,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.这些票太贵了，销路不好。2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你的钢笔更好写。3).The pen writes well.这笔好写。4).The door wont open.门开不下来。5).The clothes wash easily. 这衣服很好洗。6). The door wont open. 这门打不开。注意：这
11、类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征1).与not，hardly等否定意义的词连用.2).常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度。3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。二 某些表示感觉，状态，特征的系动词eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste 等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。 Eg:1.The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很软。 2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。 3.Good medicine tastes
12、 bitter.良药苦口三 动词need, want, require等表示“需要”或“应该”的意义时， 后用动词 ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义.。Eg：1).The floor needs sweeping.地板须拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那辆旧自行车需要修理。 3).Your hair needs cutting你的头发需要理了。 4).The wall requires painting这墙壁需要粉刷了。四 “主语+be worth doing”句式中ving形式表达被动含义 Eg
13、：1.This book is well worth reading. 2.The film is well worth seeing 五表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。Eg：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？六非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1.在need，w
14、ant，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一 名词或代词构成主谓
15、关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)九教材中与被动语态相关的一些词组:get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受伤) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚)be covered with (被覆盖) be made of （由制成）（看得出原材料） be made by （由某人制造） be made from （由制成）（看
