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1、 2022年GCT考试英语辅导教材-阅读(11)Passage 3 Before the 1870, trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States, Hospital nursing was an unskilled occupation taken up by women of the lower classes, some of whom were conscripted from the penitentiary or the almshouse. The movement for reform originated
2、 not with doctors, but among upper-class women, who had taken on the role of guardians of a new hygienic order. Though some doctors approved of the womendesire to establish a nurses training school, which would attract the daughters of the middle class, other medical men were opposed. Plainly threat
3、ened by the prospect, they objected that educated nurses would not do as they were told-a remarkable comment on the status anxieties of nineteenth-century physicians. But the women reformers did not depend on the physicians approval: When resisted, as they were at Bellevue in efforts to install trai
4、ned nurses on the maternity wards, they went over the heads of the doctors to men of their own class of greater power and authority. (Florence Nightingale, who had friends high in the English government, had followed exactly the same course in reforming beer country military hospitals.) Professional
5、 nursing, in short, emerged neither from medical discoveries nor from a program of hospital reform initiated by physicians; outsiders saw the need first.22022年 11. Which of the following the best title for the passage? A. Public Hygiene in the United States B. Florence Nightingale: A Nurse Story C.
6、The Fight for Nursing Education in the United States D. Health Care in Upper and Lower-Class Neighborhoods 12. According to the passage, nurses in the United States in the 1850 could best be described as A. poor, untrained womenB. young medical students C. wives of military officersD. middle-class m
7、en and women 13. The author states that the first advocates of nursing training in the United States were A. medical menB. upper-class women C. professional nursesD. military commanders 14. Why does the author mention Florence Nightingale? A. To describe the career of a pioneer of United States medi
8、cine B. To show that women doctors supported the effort to upgrade nursing C. To prove that conditions differed in military and civilian hospitals D. To show the similarity of her tactics to those used by United States reformers 15. In line 24, the word “outsiders” refers to people who A. had been r
9、ejected by society B. were not part of the medical establishment C. had been severely injured in military combat D. were not citizens of the United States 11.【答案】C 【解析】The Fight for Nursing Education in the United States；本文从头到尾讲的全是美国上层妇女为建立护士训练而进展的斗争。略读一遍，读懂大意，即可得出正确答案为C。 12.【答案】A 【解析】poor, untraine
10、d women；本文其次句描述的1870年月以前的护士，是unskilled，来自lower classes的妇女。这意味着她们是未受过训练的贫困妇女。 13.【答案】B 【解析】upper-class women本文第三句中的The movement for reform是指要求改革当时的护理状况，进展护理训练。即使不熟悉originated和advocate这两个词，也可据此猜出正确答案为B。 14.【答案】D 【解析】To show the similarity of her tactics to those used by United States reformers；文末括号中关于
11、Nightingale的这一句明确指出，她实行了与美国改革者们完全一样的做法，故正确答案为。 15.【答案】B 【解析】were not part of the medical establishment；大体读懂最终一句，即可看出这里的outsiders是指医务界以外的人，故正确答案为B。 Passage 4 At CapeChurchill in northeastern Manitoba, where the shore of Hudson Bay makes an abrupt 92-degree turn to the west, polar bears congregate in
12、the autumn, waiting for the ice that is their home. By November, pack ice has formed beyond the fast ice, and the bears are moving. To be at the very tip of the Cape in November is to be in the middle of a slow but steadily flowing river of bears, methodically picking their way across the jumbled ic
13、e in a straight-line push for their hunting grounds. The polar bears of Hudson Bay are a distinct population thriving at the southern end of their range. Polar bears live on seals, and to hunt them the bears must have ice to get to where the seals are. Yet in Hudson Bay the ice melts by July and the
14、 bears have to come ashore, there to spend four months eating very little, digging into sand dunes and dirt so they can stay cool in the summer “hear,” relaxing into a physiological state like that of black bears in winter dens. They are the polar bear population most accessible to humans, and they
15、are not only the best studied but the most easily experienced by amateur naturalists, photographers, and just plain tourists. 213 16. With what aspect of bears lives is the passage mainly concerned? A. Their evolutionB. Their hunting skills C. Their temperamentD. Their seasonal movements 17. According to the passage, polar bears congregate
