《长城英文导游词.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《长城英文导游词.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 北京导游书网 北京英文导游词 主编：李天运 刘婧雅 南翠英 16、Great Wall16、长城题一：长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。I am very proud to have the opportunity to be your guide. Today we are going to visit Great Wall.History of The Great Wall（长城的历史）Construction of the Great Wall first began in the seventh century BCAt that time, it was called Spring
2、 and Autumn Period. The first section of wall, that appeared in China, was built by the Qin Kingdom and the Chu Kingdom.They had a high wall which was called“square wall” or“square city”built surrounding their own territories to defend the attack of their neighboring enemy. So it was also known as t
3、he Qi Great Wall and the Chu Great WallIn order to defend themselves against the infringing enemy from the neighboring states, all the kingdoms had sections of high walls constructed around their own territories for self-protection.They built high walls at the strategic points of the north.These hig
4、h walls were the primitive prototype of the present day Great Wall and laid the foundation for the present Great Wall.In Chinese history, this is the largest project carried out in three dynasties that brought the climax of the development of the Great Wall. Large-scale construction of the Great Wal
5、l was concentrated in the Qin ,Han and Ming dynasties .In 221 BC ,Qin Shihuang defeated the other six kingdoms and unified China. In order to consolidate the unity ,he decided to link up the separate sections of high walls,built by different kingdoms ,into the Great Wall. Then he sent Meng Tian, a m
6、ilitary general, with 300,000 soldiers and one million civilian up to north to build up the Great Wall. A great many sections were linked up and expanded, and finally it was extended into a Great Wall. When it was finished ,the total length of the Great Wall was over 7,000 kilometers long .The Qin G
7、reat Wall started from Lintao, Gansu Province in the west and ended in Liaodong ,Liaoning Province in the east.Large-scale construction of the Great Wall was ongoing throughtout the reign of Emperor Wu Di in the Han Dynasty .In order to ward off the Huns as well as to protect the Silk Road, they als
8、o had the Great Wall extended towards the west for another 5,000 kilometers long to the Lop Nur Lake in todays Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The Han Great Wall started from the Liaodong Peninsula in the east ,and ended at the foot of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with
9、a total length of 10,000 kilometers.The last large-scale project on the Great Wall was carried out in the Ming Dynasty. In 1368, right after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty ,he started the reconstruction of the Great Wall immediately on the basis of the Qin Great Wall .Since the remaining
10、 forces of the Yuan often made counterattacks on Beijing and the threats of the newly raised ethnic tribe of “Nu Zhen”also threatened the Ming Court, Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang paid great attention to construction of the Great Wall and stationed troops along the Wall. The whole project of the Ming G
11、reat Wall took more than 200 years to complete , and there were 18 large-scale constructions of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. After that, the total length of Ming Great Wall was more than 7,000 kilometers from Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east ,to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province in
12、the west .It passes nine cities, provinces and autonomous regions of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia and Gansu.This is the Great Wall we see today.The main force for the Great Wall was composed of solidiers defending the frontier, exiles and criminals, as w
13、ell as the local laborers.In ancient times the Great Wall was not only a strong defensive project but also played a very important military and economic role.The function of the Great Wall in Chinese History was mainly in Military strategies, Economy, and Perfect harmony of various nationalities.The
14、 most important is in Military strategies.The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass（居庸关长城）Juyongguan Pass is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown Beijing.The mountions flanking the valley have many graceful peaks. The slopes on both sides of the narrow passes are covered with dense trees and plant
15、s. So, it used to be one of the famous” Eight Views of Yanjing”There was a 20-kilometer-long valley called “Guangou Valley” from south to north, with 4 passes along the valley named “Nankou，Juyongguan，Shangguan and Badaling”They were of great strategic importance in defending the national capital of
16、 BeijingJuYongguan Pass is one of themThe name “Juyong ”in Chinese means “a place of poor laborers”. According to historical records ,Emperor Qin Shihuang forced many conscripts to build this part of the Great Wall. Inside Juyong Pass there is an ancient marble platform known as“Cloud Terrace”It was first built in 1342 during the Yuan DynastyThere used to be three Tibetan style pagodas built on the terrace with a road passi
