《代词作主语时的一致.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《代词作主语时的一致.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、代词作主语时的一致 each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待. Each of us has something to say. Somebody is using the phone. Neither of us has gone through regular training. Has either of them told you? some, few, both, many 等作复数 some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一. none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是
2、单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数: None of the books are easy enough for us None of us seem to have thought of it. None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera. None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did. None of this worries me. all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the, most of the ), 动词用单数. 由
3、and 或 both and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not onlybut (also), eitheror, neithernor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致. Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed. My sister or my brother is likely to be at home. Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work. Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persu
4、ade my daughter to change her mind. 如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致. There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数. Cattle are grazing on the pasture. The poli
5、ce are looking for him. 有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来决定. His family isnt very large. His family are all music lovers. The committee meets twice a month. The committee are divided in opinion. The audience was enormous. The audience were greatly moved at the words. 有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数: This new
6、 series is beginning next month. These new series are beginning next month. This species is now extinct. These species are now extinct. 表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的): Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. One hundred li was covered in a si
7、ngle night时态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. Ive been writing letters for an hour. Ive been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 Id been working for some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by th
8、e time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another months time shell have been studying here for three years. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch. Theyll have hit the years
9、 target by the end of October. 语态 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等. It is supposed that the ship has been su
10、nk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. He was asked
11、 a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. 宾补结构的被动语态: She was called Big Sister by everybody. Then he was made a squad leader. He was considered quite qualified for the job. The room was always kept clean and tidy. 短语动词 Vi + adv
12、The plane took off two hours late. Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral. Vi + prep (有被动语态) Shes looking after her sisters children. The children were always well looked after. Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their visits. Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up th
13、eir children. The children were brought up by their mother. They took him on. Vt + adv + O (无被动语态) I am trying to give up smoking. Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉 Look out for cars when crossing the street. When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project. Although not yet six months old,
