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1、语法复习四：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用_形式。如：His father _( work) on the farm. / To study English well _ not easy. / What he said _ very important for us all. / The children _in
2、the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用_形式。如：What I bought _three English books.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用_形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily _twins. / The boy and the girl _ surprised when they heard the news. / Both she
3、 and he _ Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用_形式。如：The writer and artist _ come.; / 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher _ in the room. / No boy and no girl _ it. more than a (an) , many a (an)3、主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, b
4、ut, like, as well as, rather than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词用_形式；若主语为复数，谓语用_形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, _ come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike _ on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, _very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不
5、定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us _ a new book. / Everything around us _ new.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词_。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用_；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用_。如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句
6、中_的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who _ working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who _ working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用_；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用_形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, population, 等。如：Class Four _on the third floor. / Class Four _ unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意people, police, cattle等名
7、词一般都用作_。如：The police_looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词” 以及“分数或百分数+名词”作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面_的数而定。如：There _ a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture _ wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class _girls.注意： a number of“许多”，
8、作定语修饰_名词，谓语用_；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用_。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There _(come)the bus./ On the wall _ many pictures. / Such _the result. / Such _ the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whic
9、h is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All _ going well. / All _ gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用_形式，主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes _enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用_形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”_an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接_名词作主语时，其谓语动
10、词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples _ left on the table.5、四则运算其谓语动词采用_形式。如：Twelve plus eight _twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight _seven.6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用_形式。如：The paper works _ built in 1990. / I think physics
11、_easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用_，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用_。如：My glasses _ broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed _his.8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用_。表示某一类物时，动词用_。The old _always respected. The beauty _ loved by all.（三）就近一致原则：1、当两个主语由either or, neither
12、nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students _our friends. / Neither they nor he _ right. / _ neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There _ two chairs and a desk in the room.语法经典练习：1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help
13、you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home.
14、A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than th
