《第8堂 主谓一致.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第8堂 主谓一致.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、LECTURE 8 主谓一致本堂目标熟悉谓语用单数或用复数的常见情况，掌握一些特殊的主谓一致情况以及定语从句中的主谓一致，确保写作时不出现此类错误。基础预习所谓主谓一致就是指主语的形式变了，谓语的某些部分也要随之发生变化；主语和谓语动词之间要保持“数”的一致。一、主谓一致遵循的三条原则1）语法一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语一致；2）意义一致原则，即谓语的单复数形式要与主语意义上的单复数一致；3）就近原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。二、谓语用单数形式主语例示时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等名词 Fifty years is only a short time in human
2、history.Two hundred miles is a long distance.One dollars seems a fair price to that book.短语、不定式、句、动名词Swimming is a good way to keep healthy.To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。Where we will interview hasnt been made public.“-s”结尾的学科名词Politics is the art or science of government.注意:Her politics are/is weak.有
3、物主代词修饰时单复数均可。书、报、地名、组织的复数形式The United Nations is a world organization.The Times speaks for the British government.news/works/corssroads/woods等复数形式表单数概念means视情况 Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。Every means has been tried to settle the problem.All means have been tried to settle the problem.并列主语指同一概念时A
4、thief and murderer was sentenced to death.Care and patience is needed in our work.some/any/no/every + thing/ one/ body/whereSomebody is looking for you.Anyone is forbidden to smoke here.each/every/no/many a +单数名词+and+ each/every/no/many a +单数名词Each man and each woman was invited to the party.No engi
5、neer and no worker was in the workshop.Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.many a/the whole/each/every/neither/either+单数名词 Many a boy has tried, but few have succeeded.The whole nation was in deep sorrow.Neither story is true.each/neither/either+of+名词复数或them, us,youEach of them has a beautiful ho
6、use.Neither of them is fit for the task.pair of+ 复数名词This pair of shoes needs mending.more than one+单数名词More than one soldier was killed in the battle.there be + 单数名词 and + 复数名词There is a book, two pencils and three pens.one, the other, another, no one, neither等Here is only one shoe. Where is the ot
7、her?One has to do ones best.man(人类)/the world(世人)/clothing(衣着)Our clothing protects us from the cold.Only man knows how to cook.a series of/a species ofA series of lectures on psychology is given by Mr Smith.the number ofThe number of pages in this book is nine hundred.one and a half+复数名词One and a h
8、alf bananas is left on the table.【例】(07-Text 3)Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment ri
9、sk for families future healthcare. 【点睛】第一个分句的主语是由and连接的两个并列的名词短语（the cost and the share），在意义上为复数，所以该分句的谓语动词也用了复数形式have risen。后一分句的主语是health-savings plans，也是复数形式，故谓语动词用了are spreading。【译文】保健的实际费用和家庭所要承担的份额都增加了而新近流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法大厅蔓延到沃尔玛职工，但是同时扣除条款更多了，家庭未来保健的投资风险也更高了。三、谓语用复数形式主语例示the + 姓的复数The Greens are
10、going to make a trip to London.群岛/山脉/瀑布等As is known to all, the Rocky mountains stand in North America.the+folk(s)/people/police/cattle/Chinese/French等集体名词The police are sunning after the thief.The Chinese are a hard-working people.the +形容词表一类人The rich are for the decision but the poor against it.a
11、great/good many+复数名词A good many people were killed in this traffic accident.a number of +复数名词A number of students were absent yesterday.【例】Back up and consider the people who have been occupying your time.冷静下来考虑一下那个一直占据着你的时间的人A great/good many students are playing basketball on the playground. 许多学生在
12、操场上打篮球。A number of species have disappeared from the earth. 许多物种已经从地球上灭绝了。重点讲解一、与前面主语保持一致的情况当主语由下列短语并列，或当主语后有以下词或短语时，谓语的单复数形式需与前面的主语一致：主语例示as well as结构He as well as I wants to go boating.rather than结构The officer, rather than ministers answers for it.(along/together)with结构The teacher together with st
13、udents is visiting the factory.suchas/like结构The girl like many boys is fond of sports.such as/besides结构Books such as this are useful for the beginners.no less than= as much as和一样Sunshine, no less than water and air is necessary for plants.but/except连接All students except Tom speak English.Beyond连接The
14、 newly-built TV tower, as eighty-five feet tall as beyond imagination, is called“the First Tower in Asia”.短语作定语Everyone here, including old people likes reading.同位语The idea that we can buy toys is quite good.定语从句Foreigners who work in China are from Japan.【例】Her research, along with that of other ps
15、ychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.【点睛】along with引起的从属结构不影响主语的单复数，谓语动词取决于第一个名词的单复数。Her research作主语，谓语动词用单数形式provides。【译文】她的研究和其他心理学家的研究一起为如何摆脱坏情绪提供了有价值的信息。二、最近原则以下词或短语连接并列主语时，谓语的单复数形式随靠近它的主语变化。主语例示or/nor结构You, he, or I am right.eitheror结构Either he or you are right.neithernor结构Neither rain nor snow keeps the postman from delivering our letters which we so much look forward to receiving. 雨雪都阻挡不住邮递员投递我们急切期望收到的信件。Not onlybut also结构Not only the students but also the teacher o
