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1、 大学英语三级语法攻略校对：李东升 找家教，找柯南东升，更多精彩请关注824135830空间名词性从句概述名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whos
2、e, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.大部分
3、连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match. 名词性wh-从句名词性wh-从句（1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
4、主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she
5、wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。来源：考试大（2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。ht
6、tp:/It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。名词性that-从句名词性that-从句（1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday
7、. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。http:/（2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It
8、is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It
9、is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that已决定c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起否定转移来源:考试大网1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面
10、宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。http:/It doesnt appear that well have a sunny
11、 day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。（1）who, whom, tha
12、t这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（2）Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pa
13、ss me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。（3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了
14、。(which / that在句中作宾语)关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。（1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？（2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His f
