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1、主谓一致语法形式上要一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。代词的指代一致原则，代词的指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。主谓一致语法形式一致一、谓语动词一定用要用单数的主语情况 1) 单数主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 2) 主语是不可数名词，用动词单数。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： There is much water in the bottle.
2、 瓶子里有好多水。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 去年生产了一万吨煤。3) 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Helping others is her great happiness. 帮助其他人是她的最大幸福。4)名词性从句及“疑问副词/代词 + 不定式” 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. 我们何时何地举行会议还不知道。 How to work out the problem is ver
3、y easy. 解决这个问题非常简单。 Whether theyll go depends on the weather. 他们是否去要取决于天气的好赖。 5) much, little, a little, only a little, quite a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of只能修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。二、谓语动词一定用要用复数的主语情况 1) 复数主语，谓语动词用复数。例如： They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2) 由两部分构成的
4、物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在书桌上。【注意】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。 My new pair of socks is on the bed. 我的一双新袜子在床上。3) 用and或bothan
5、d连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。【注意】并列主语如果只有一个冠词，那么指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。常用的固定组合有：bread and butter 奶油面包, fork and knife 一副刀叉, soap and water 肥皂水, a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子, horse and carriage 马车,
6、time and tide 岁月, law and order 法制, the needle and thread 针线, trial and error 反复尝试, the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落。例如： The poet and writer has come. 那个诗人兼作家来了。(同一个人) The poet and the writer have come. 诗人和作家来了。(两个人) Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。 (同一个事物) Both bread and butter were so
7、ld out in that shop. 商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。(两个事物) 【注意】用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, no, many a, more than a 等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 每个男孩和女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 很多男孩和女孩都见过这个。 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to rece
8、ive education. 在我们的国家，每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩都不喜欢它。【注意】复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如： The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。4) both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语，或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如： There are only a few people who
9、 can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100岁。 Both of them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定 1) 当主语有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主
10、语部分一致。（就远一致原则）例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the museum. 教师和一些学生在参观博物馆。 Tom as well as I wants to go boating. Tom和我想去划船。 The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to high school students. 阅读教材加上参考书对高中生是非常有益的。 The woman together with her daughter and son s
11、its on the sofa watching TV. 那个女人和她的儿女坐在沙发上看电视。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人都在这里了。 2) “the majority of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如： The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的损坏都容易修理。 The majority of the students like music. 大部分学生喜欢音乐。3) plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heap
12、s of, loads of, scads of, most of, none of, rest of, all of, part of, a quantity of 等，后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on computer games. 他大部分的钱化在电脑游戏上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。 There is plenty of water in the bott
13、le. 瓶里还有好多水。 There are plenty of balls in the box. 箱子里有好多球。 There is a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。 4) 如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如： Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已经收回了。 Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人都
14、反对这个计划。 20% of students are boys. 20的学生是男孩。 20% of water is fresh water. 20的水是新鲜的。5) 定语从句。关系代词who, that, which的定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如： Keep cool is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. “镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。【注意】在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有th
15、e (only)/the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有，就用复数形式。【比较】 Jack is one of the men who were chosen to represent the company. Jack是被选出来的公司代表之一。 (定语从句，先行词是the men，用复数) Jack is the only one of the men who was chosen to represent the company. Jack是被选出来的公司代表之一。 (定语从句，先行词是the only，用单数) One of those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。(不是定语从句，one of作主语，用单数)主谓一致意义上一致一一、谓语动词一定用要用单数的主语情况 1) 有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works(工厂), Maths。还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, Mathematics, politics(“政治”的意思，如果作为“政见”的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Politics is a complicated busines
