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1、第二节 被动语态考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。一、感官动词及使役动词（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。1、The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. come C. to come D. have come（答案为C）（2000年58题）2、We were made to study harder. 我
2、们被要求努力学习。二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。三、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。四、用主动表示被动的含义常用：need/require +doin
3、g sth（=to be done）（此句型主语大多为物）例：My room is a mess. It needs _.A to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up（答案为B）（2000年47题）第三节 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, oth
4、erwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive（答案：B）（1998年44题）2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had（答案为D）（2001
5、年58题）二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done（答案为C）（1999年59题）2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephone B. have phone
6、d C. should have phoned D. should be phoned（答案为C）（2000年26题）三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。第四节 虚拟语气如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时
7、，称为虚拟条件句。考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _
8、him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。）3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would
9、come B. would have come C. had come D. came（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题）二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized（答案：B。虚拟条
10、件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。）（1996年39题）2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（1997年30题）三、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your he
11、lp, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题）2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had（答案：B。2003年28题）四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”
12、的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句（主语过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study（答案：C）（2000年53题）2、I didnt go to the party, but I do wis
13、h I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be（答案：C）（2001年53题）五、would rather句子（过去时）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier D. further（答为案：A）（1998年45题）2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C.
14、came D. have come（答案为C）（2002年46题）六、以as if，as though引导的从句在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known（答案：B。as if（though）从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。）2、You are talking as if you had seen them你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作）七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation
