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1、被动语态被动语态中主动表被动英语中主动语态形式并不都表示主动意义，有时可表示被动意义，因为被动语态不如主动语态用得普遍，在不引起误解的情况下，可用主动语态表示被动意义。常见的有以下几种情况。 一、某些表示状态特征的系动词，例如：look, sound, smell, taste 等感官动词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布料摸起来很软。二、表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，例如：need, want, require 等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：The bike needs mending. 这辆自
2、行车需要修理。三、形容词worth后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。 四、作表语的形容词，例如：difficult, easy, hard, nice, possible, impossible, fit 等之后的不定式作状语时，用主动语态形式表示被动意义。此时，不定式表示的动作与其主语一般为动宾关系。例如：The maths problem is not easy to work out. 这道数学题不容易解。五、某些动词，例如：lock, open, sell, wash, measure, wei
3、gh 等，特别是与副词 badly, easily, well等连用时，常常用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。His book sells well. 他的书很畅销。The street measures twenty metres wide. 街道宽 20 米。六、不定式作定语，与被修饰动词的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。例如：I have lots of homework to do today. 今天我有许多家庭作业要做。一、观察下面句子，完成下表。1. Colorful posters were printed in San
4、Francisco in the 1960s to publicize rock shows. 2. Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 3. After war, everything had been destroyed. 4. A greater number of magic English books will be published next year.5. He said that the meeting would be held next week.6. New nature parks are
5、not being started in China.7. A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 8. Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.9. Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 10. We were shocked by the news of his death. 11. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.12. Th
6、e old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.13. I was shown round the school campus by Sean，who had entered the school just a year before. 14. Youve been told many times not to make the same mistake. 15. Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 16. The control
7、room may not be entered without permission. 17. The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colors of light. 18. The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nations west development campaign. 19. He was born in
8、this city. 20. The school is situated in the suburbs. 表一：被动语态的基本用法基本功能及特点：句子序号1. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态。2. 强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态。3. 当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态。4. 修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称。5. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态。6. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态。7. 在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性。8. 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。表二：被动语态的时态各种
9、时态的被动语态句子序号1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 一般将来时4. 现在进行时5. 过去进行时6. 现在完成时7. 过去完成时8. 过去将来时9. 带情态动词的被动语态总结：根据以上的例句，可以总结出被动语态的构成：be + 请再根据上面的例句完成下表中的句子：时态被动语态的构成主语谓语状语助动词be过去分词一般现在时The workdoneevery day.一般过去时yesterday.一般将来时next month.现在进行时now.过去进行时at 5 yesterday.现在完成时since you left.过去完成时before you came.过去将来时the next
10、 day.巩固练习完成句子。1. 这辆自行车是买给我做生日礼物的。This bike to me for my birthday gift.2. 这条铁路建于1998年。已经投入使用10多年了。This railway in 1998. It _ use 10 years.3. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。What we say here long , but what we do here can change the world.4. 水能从液体变成固体。Water from a liquid into a solid.5. 现在我们只能利用
11、一小部分太阳能。Only a small portion of solar energy now .高考链接1. Hi. Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _. (2009 江苏)A. Its repairedB. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired2. Why does the lake smell terrible? (2009 福建)Because large quantities of wat
12、er_A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted3. His sister left home in 1998, and_ since. (2009 全国I)A. had not heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of4. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been
13、 interviewed. (2008 北京) A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made5. As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations_ with Dads flowers. (2007 湖南) A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 二、使用被动语态时的主意事项。观察下面句子，完成下表。1. The war broke out in 1937.2.
14、The story took place in China . 3. The car drove away from them and disappeared. 4. After the fire, very little of my house remained. 5. That suit cost over 60 dollars. 6. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.7. The house belongs to my parents.8. Do you like the material?Yes, it felt very soft.9. The old man remained weak.10. Good medicine tastes bitter.11. The boy got hurt on his way to school.12. These cleaners got paid by the month.13. They were made to work twelve hours ev
